7-2纳米材料学

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1、IntroductiontotheNanoworldShapingTheWorldAtombyAtomLectureOutlineIntroductionBuildingStructuresAtombyAtomQuantumCorralsMechanismofAtomManipulationSTMWritingQuantumMirageManipulationofAtomswithLightUsefulReference“EngineeringaSmallWorld:FromAtomicManipulationtoMicrofa

2、brication.”SpecialSectioninScienceVol254,Page1300-1342,Nov29,1991RichardFeynman“Uptonowwehavebeencontenttodiginthegroundtofindminerals,….Ultimatelyinthegreatfuturewecanarrangetheatomsthewaywewant.”RichardP.Feynman,1959ThemanwhodaredtothinksmallTheManWhoDaredtoThinkSm

3、all“Feynman’stalkwassovisionarythatitdidn’treallyconnectwithpeopleuntilthetechnologycaughtupwithit”-RalphMerklePaloAltoResearchCenterManyoftoday’sresearcherlearnedaboutthelectureonlyaftertheywerealreadypracticingexactlywhatFeynmanhadsaid.“Ididn’tknowaboutthetalkuntil

4、afterIgotintotheatom-movingbusiness.”,“IfelttheghostofFeynmanbehindmewhileIwasreading,saying‘Look,Ithoughtofthesethings30yearsago.’”-DonEigler,IBMUsingSTMtoManipulateAtomTheprospectofmanipulatingmatterontheatomicscalehasfascinatedscientistsfordecades.AdvancesinSTMhav

5、emadethisprospectareality;singleatomscanbeplacedatselectedpositionsandstructurescanbebuilttoaparticulardesignatom-by-atom.MoleculeabacusTheworld'ssmallestabacusZurich/Switzerland,November13,1996--ScientistsattheIBMResearchDivision'sZurichlaboratoryhavebuiltanmolecule

6、sabacuswithindividualasbeadswithadiameteroflessthanonenanometer.ASTMtippushingaC60moleculealongasingleatomicsteponcopperShapingtheWorldAtombyAtomDr.DonEiglerwaseducatedattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego,wherehereceivedabachelor'sdegreeinphysics(1975)andadoctoratei

7、nphysics(1984).HewasaPostdoctoralMemberoftheTechnicalStaffatAT&TBellLaboratoriesfortwoyearsbeforejoiningIBMasaResearchStaffMemberin1986.IBM:QuantumCorrals(Stadium),observing"QuantumChaos"IrononCopper(111)UsingSTMtoManipulateAtomImagingmode:Tipstabilizedfarenoughabove

8、thesurfacesothattheinteractionbetweentipandadatomisnegligible.Manipulationmode:Tipbroughtcloseenoughtoadatomtodragtheadatomalongthe