讲座-连带责任-joint and several liability

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1、讲座题目：连带责任制度主讲人：郭晓霞课时：2重要知识点：连带责任概念；连带责任适用；连带责任的内、外部关系；连带责任的改革；按份责任。难点：连带责任的适用；连带责任的内外部关系。授课方法：采用多媒体教学，英文课件，中英文双语讲解，理论探讨与案例教学相结合。RuleofJointandSeveralLiability1.DefinitionofJointandSeveralLiabilityJointandseveralliabilityisaformofliabilitythatisusedincivilcaseswheretwoormorepeoplearefoundl

2、iablefordamages.Thewinningplaintiffinsuchacasemaycollecttheentirejudgmentfromanyoneoftheparties,orfromanyandallofthepartiesinvariousamountsuntilthejudgmentispaidinfull.Inotherwords,ifanyofthedefendantsdonothaveenoughmoneyorassetstopayanequalshareoftheaward,theotherdefendantsmustmakeupthed

3、ifference.Theruleisdesignedtofullycompensatethepartyclaimingdamageswithoutregardtothedegreeofthedefendant’swrongdoing. Italsoshiftstheburdentothedefendanttoeitherfindothercodefendantsorpayallthedamages.2.ApplicationofJointandSeveralLiabilityDefendantsinacivilsuitcanbeheldjointlyandseveral

4、lyliableonlyiftheirconcurrentactsbroughtabouttheharmtotheplaintiff.Theactsofthedefendantsdonothavetobesimultaneous:theymustsimplycontributetothesameevent.Generalyspeaking,jointandseveralliabilityarisesinthefollowingsituations:◇First,injointtortcases,wherepersonsactinginconcerttortiouslyca

5、useharmtotheplaintifforiftheactionsoftwoormoreactorslegallycauseindivisibleharm;◇Second,inacontractualsituation,wheretwoormorepersonsareresponsibleforthesameperformenceanddefaultontheirobligations,anondefaultingpartymayholdanyandallpartiesliablefordamagesresultingfromthebreachofperformanc

6、e.◇Third,ifliabilityarrisesbyoperationoflaw,suchasincasesinvolvingpartnership,agency,productsliabilityetc.3.ContributionandIndemnityTheruleofjointandseveralliabilityholdsthattwoormoredefendantsmaybesubjecttoliabilityforthesameharm.Thisdoesn’tmeanthataplaintifftowhomthedefendantsarejointly

7、andseverallyliableforasinglejudgementcancollectinfullfromeachdefendant.Rather,theplaintiffcancollectthefullamountonlyonce,eitherallfromanyoneofthedefendantsorinpartfromallofthem.Adefendantwho,undertheruleofjointandseveralliability,paysmorethanafairshareofthetotaldam