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1、技能训练阅读进阶Gradedreading上一期,我们学习了从空间顺序的角度来把握文章结构的技巧。这一期,我们将学习如何把握对比描述类文章的结构。把握文章结构——对比描述在阅读理解中,我们可能会遇到一些对比描述两种事物的文章。这两种事物可能是同一种类但具有细小差别或有着不同形式。针对这类文章,我们该如何把握其结构,从而全面正确地理解其内容呢?这将是我们本期学习的重点。【例题】阅读下面短文,并完成短文后的题。Computerhardwareisanyphysicaldeviceusedinorwithyourmachine,butsoftwareisacollectio
2、nofcode(代码)installedontoyourcomputer’sharddrive.Forexample,thecomputermonitoryouareusingtoreadthistextandthemouseyouareusingtonavigate(操纵)thiswebpagearecomputerhardware.(续上)TheInternetbrowserthatallowsyoutovisitthispageandtheoperatingsystemthatthebrowserisrunningonareconsideredassoftwar
3、e.Inacomputer,hardwaremakesacomputerwork.ACentralProcessUnit(CPU)processesinformationthatcanbestoredinRandomAccessMemory(RAM)oronaharddrive.Asoundcardcanprovidesoundforspeakersandavideocardcanprovideanimageforamonitor.Allofthesearehardware.Onthesamecomputer,softwarecanbeinstalledandital
4、lowsapersontoworkwiththehardware.Anoperatingsystem,likeWindowsorMacOS,issoftware.Itprovidesachanceforpeopletousethecomputerandothersoftwareonthecomputer.Apersoncancreatedocumentsandpicturesbyusingsoftware.Nearlyallsoftwareuseshardwaretooperateproperly.Avideogame,whichisasoftware,usesthe
5、CPU,RAMandvideocard,allofwhicharehardware,torun.WordprocessingsoftwareusestheCPU,RAMandharddrivetocreateandsavedocuments.Inshort,bothhardwareandsoftwaremakeacomputerworknormally.Anycomputercannotworkwithouteachofthem.一、根据文章内容,完成下表。Para.KeywordsThemainidea1hardware,1________,software,aco
6、llectionofcodeThedefinitionofhardwareandsoftware.physicaldevice2hardware,makes,computer,workThe2________ofhardware.3software,allows,person,3______,withthehardwareThefunctionofsoftware.functionwork4software,uses,hardware,4______Theconnectionbetweenhardwareandsoftware.5hardware,software,m
7、ake,computer,5______Bothhardwareandsoftwarearenecessarytoacomputer.operatework二、根据上表及文章内容,该文章的结构类型为:_________________。“分——总”结构【解题过程详解】一、扫读全文可知,该文章是一篇对比描述类的文章,对比描述的是计算机的硬件和软件。我们跳读表格会发现,本次填表的任务是要找出各段落的关键词,并根据关键词得出文段的大意。这时,我们就可以运用我们之前学过的扫读关键词的阅读技巧。这里的关键词指的是内容关键词,即找出段落中重要的名词、动词等实词,