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1、BritishMuseum TheBritishMuseumisamuseumofhumanhistoryandcultureinLondon.Itscollections,whichnumbermorethansevenmillionobjects,areamongstthelargestandmostcomprehensiveintheworldandoriginatefromallcontinents,illustratinganddocumentingthestoryofhumanculturefromitsbeginningstothepresent.
2、TheBritishMuseumwasestablishedin1753,largelybasedonthecollectionsofthephysicianandscientistSirHansSloane.Themuseumfirstopenedtothepublicon15January1759inMontaguHouseinBloomsbury,onthesiteofthecurrentmuseumbuilding.Itsexpansionoverthefollowingtwoandahalfcenturieswaslargelyaresultofanexpa
3、ndingBritishcolonialfootprintandhasresultedinthecreationofseveralbranchinstitutions,thefirstbeingtheBritishMuseum(NaturalHistory)inSouthKensingtonin1887.Someobjectsinthecollection,mostnotablytheElginMarblesfromtheParthenon,aretheobjectsofintensecontroversyandofcallsforrestitutiontotheir
4、countriesoforigin. Until1997,whentheBritishLibrary(previouslycentredontheRoundReadingRoom)movedtoanewsite,theBritishMuseumwasuniqueinthatithousedbothanationalmuseumofantiquitiesandanationallibraryinthesamebuilding.Themuseumisanon-departmentalpublicbodysponsoredbytheDepartmentforCulture
5、,MediaandSport,andaswithallothernationalmuseumsintheUnitedKingdomitchargesnoadmissionfee.Since2002thedirectorofthemuseumhasbeenNeilMacGregor. History SirHansSloane,founderoftheBritishMuseum Althoughprincipallyamuseumofculturalartobjectsandantiquitiestoday,theBritishMuseumwasfoundedas
6、a"universalmuseum".ItsfoundationslieinthewillofthephysicianandnaturalistSirHansSloane(1660–1753).DuringthecourseofhislifetimeSloanegatheredanenviablecollectionofcuriositiesand,notwishingtoseehiscollectionbrokenupafterdeath,hebequeathedittoKingGeorgeII,forthenation,fortheprincelysumof£20
7、,000. Atthattime,Sloane’scollectionconsistedofaround71,000objectsofallkinds[8]includingsome40,000printedbooks,7,000manuscripts,extensivenaturalhistoryspecimensincluding337volumesofdriedplants,printsanddrawingsincludingthosebyAlbrechtDürerandantiquitiesfromEgypt,Greece,Rome,the
