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1、BritishMuseumHistoryArchitectureDepartmentsHistoryTheBritishMuseumisamuseumofhumanhistoryandcultureinLondon.Itscollections,whichnumbermorethan7millionobjects,areamongstthelargestandmostcomprehensiveintheworldandoriginatefromallcontinents,illustratinganddocumenti
2、ngthestoryofhumanculturefromitsbeginningtothepresent.SirHansSloane,founderoftheBritishMuseumTheoriginsoftheBritishMuseumlieinthewillofthephysician,naturalistandcollector,SirHansSloane(1660-1753).Sloanewantedhiscollectionofmorethan71,000objects,libraryandherbariu
3、mtobepreservedintactafterhisdeath.HebequeathedittoKingGeorgeIIforthenationinreturnforpaymentof£20,000tohisheirs.Ifrefused,thecollectionwastobeofferedtocentresoflearningabroad.AlargeandinfluentialgroupofTrusteeswaschargedwithoverseeingthedispositionofhisestate.Si
4、rHansSloanOn7June1753KingGeorgeIIgavehisformalassenttotheActofParliamentwhichestablishedtheBritishMuseum.TheBritishMuseumwasthefirstofanewkindofmuseum-national,belongingtoneitherchurchnorking,freelyopentothepublicandaimingtocollecteverything.LefttoRight:MontaguH
5、ouse,TownleyGalleryandSirRobertSmirke'swestwingunderconstruction(July1828)IntheearlydaysoftheBritishMuseumthecollectionwasdividedinthree:PrintedBooks(includingprints);Manuscripts(includingmedals);NaturalandArtificialProductions(everythingelse).Intheearlypartofth
6、enineteenthcenturytherewereanumberofhighprofileacquisitions.These includedtheRosettaStone(1802),theTownleycollectionofclassicalsculpture(1805),andtheParthenonsculptures(1816).Thenineteenthcentury:expansionanddiscoveryIn1823thegifttothenationbyGeorgeIVofhisfather
7、'slibrary(theKing'sLibrary)promptedtheconstructionoftoday'squadrangularbuildingdesignedbySirRobertSmirke(1780–1867).By1857,boththequadrangularbuildingandtheroundReadingRoomhadbeenconstructed.Thetwentiethcentury:providingapublicserviceThetwentiethcenturysawagreat
8、expansioninpublicservices. ThefirstsummaryguidetotheMuseumwaspublishedin1903andthefirstguidelecturerwasappointedin1911.Bythe1970s,therewasanactiveprogrammeofgalleryre
