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1、BritishMuseumTheBritishMuseumisamuseumofhumanhistoryandcultureinLondon.Itscollections,whichnumbermorethansevenmillionobjects,areamongstthelargestandmostcomprehensiveintheworldandoriginatefromallcontinents,illustratinganddocumentingthestoryofhumanculturef
2、romitsbeginningstothepresent.TheBritishMuseumwasestablishedin1753,largelybasedonthecollectionsofthephysicianandscientistSirHansSloane.Themuseumfirstopenedtothepublicon15January1759inMontaguHouseinBloomsbury,onthesiteofthecurrentmuseumbuilding.Itsexpansio
3、noverthefollowingtwoandahalfcenturieswaslargelyaresultofanexpandingBritishcolonialfootprintandhasresultedinthecreationofseveralbranchinstitutions,thefirstbeingtheBritishMuseum(NaturalHistory)inSouthKensingtonin1887.Someobjectsinthecollection,mostnotablyt
4、heElginMarblesfromtheParthenon,aretheobjectsofintensecontroversyandofcallsforrestitutiontotheircountriesoforigin.Until1997,whentheBritishLibrary(previouslycentredontheRoundReadingRoom)movedtoanewsite,theBritishMuseumwasuniqueinthatithousedbothanationalmu
5、seumofantiquitiesandanationallibraryinthesamebuilding.Themuseumisanon-departmentalpublicbodysponsoredbytheDepartmentforCulture,MediaandSport,andaswithallothernationalmuseumsintheUnitedKingdomitchargesnoadmissionfee.Since2002thedirectorofthemuseumhasbeenN
6、eilMacGregor.HistorySirHansSloane,founderoftheBritishMuseumAlthoughprincipallyamuseumofculturalartobjectsandantiquitiestoday,theBritishMuseumwasfoundedasa"universalmuseum".ItsfoundationslieinthewillofthephysicianandnaturalistSirHansSloane(1660–1753).Duri
7、ngthecourseofhislifetimeSloanegatheredanenviablecollectionofcuriositiesand,notwishingtoseehiscollectionbrokenupafterdeath,hebequeathedittoKingGeorgeII,forthenation,fortheprincelysumof£20,000.Atthattime,Sloane’scollectionconsistedofaround71,000objectsofal
8、lkinds[8]includingsome40,000printedbooks,7,000manuscripts,extensivenaturalhistoryspecimensincluding337volumesofdriedplants,printsanddrawingsincludingthosebyAlbrechtDürerandantiquitiesfromEgypt,Greece,Rome,theAncientNearand
