资源描述：
《河南科技大学材料专业英语译文(2)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、二、材料2-1ferrousalloys铁合金（黑色金属）Morethan90%byweightofthemetallicmaterialsusedbyhumanbeingsareferrousalloy.Thisrepresentsanimmensefamilyofengineeringmaterialswithawiderangeofmicrostructuresandrelatedproperties.Themajorityofengineeringdesignsthatrequirestructuralloadsupportorpowertransm
2、issioninvolveferrousalloys.Asapracticalmatter,thosealloysfallintotwobroadcategoriesbasedonthecarboninthealloycomposition.SteelgenerallycontainsbetweenWc=0.05%andWc=2.0%.人们所使用的在重量方面超过90%的金属材料是铁合金。这表明一个巨大的工程材料家族有许多的微观组织和相关性能。大部分的工程设计,需要结构上的负载支撑或动力传输所用到的铁合金。实际上,这些合金基于碳占合金组成的含量可分为两大类。钢
3、的含碳量一般包含在Wc=0.05%和Wc=2.0%。铸铁的碳含量一般在Wc=2.0%andWc=4.5%Withinthesteelcategory,weshallotherthancarbonisused.Acompositionof5%totalnon-carbonadditionswillserveasanarbitraryboundarybetweenlowalloyandhighalloysteels.Thosealloyadditionsarechosencarefullybecausetheyinvariablybringwiththemsha
4、rplyincreasedmaterialcosts.Theyarejustifiedonlybyessentialimprovementsinimprovementssuchashigherstrengthorimprovedcorrosionresistance。在钢的这一类别,我们可以区分除了碳之外是否有其他明显的合金添加元素。组成含有5%的非碳合金元素可以作为低合金钢和高合金钢的仲裁界限。由于加入这些合金元素会急剧提高材料的成本，故要慎重选用。他们可以从本质上提高钢的性能，如钢的高强度或抗腐蚀性能的提高。2.1.1 钢铁Theearthcontain
5、salargenumberofmetalswhichareusefultoman.Oneofthemostimportantoftheseisiron.Modernindustryneedsconsiderablequantitiesofthismetal,eitherintheformofironorintheformofsteel.Acertainnumberofnon-ferrousmetals,includingaluminumandzinc,arealsoimportant,buteventodaythemajorityofourengineeri
6、ngproductsareofironorsteel.Moreover,ironpossessesmagneticproperties,whichhavemadethedevelopmentofelectricalpowerpossible.地球包含大量的对人们有用的金属。其中最重要的就是铁。现代工业需要大量这样的金属,无论是铁的形式或钢的形式存在.一定量的有色金属,包括铝和锌,也很重要,但即使是在今天,但是如今我们的大部分工程产品是钢铁。此外,铁具有磁性的性能,使电力的发展成为可能.Theironorewhichwefindonearthisnotpure
7、.Itcontainssomeimpuritiesthatmustberemovedbysmelting.Theprocessofsmeltingconsistsofheatingtheoreinablastfurnacewithcokeandlimestone,andreducingittometal。Blastsofnotairenterthefurnacefromthebottomandprovidetheoxygenthatisnecessaryforthereductionoftheore.Theorebecomesmolten,anditsoxi
8、descombinewithcarbonfromth
