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1、IntroductiontoWeldingProcesses介绍焊接过程3.1.1DefinitionandClassificationofWeldingProcesses焊接过程的定义与分类Weldingisessentialformanufactureofarangeofengineeringcomponents,whichmayfromverylargestructuressuchasshipsandbridgestominiaturecomponentsformicroelectronicapplication焊接是必不可少的制造一系列工程组件,这可能从大
2、结构如船舶、桥梁、微型组件应用微电子Severalalternativedefinitionsareusedtodescribeaweld,forexample:Aunionbetweentwopiecesofmetalrenderedplasticorliquidbyheatorpressureorboth.Afillermetalwithameltingtemperatureofthesameorderofthatoftheparentmetalmayormaynotbeused.几种不同的定义是用来描述一个焊接,例如:之间的结合,两块金属呈现塑料或液体加热或
3、压力或两者。一个填充金属熔点温度相同的秩序的母材可能会或可能不会被使用。Oralternatively:Alocalizedcoalescenceofmetalsornonmetalsproducedeitherbyheatingthematerialstotheweldingtemperature,withorwithouttheapplicationofpressure,orbytheapplicationofpressurealone,withorwithouttheuseofafillermetal.或者:一个本地化的聚结的金属或非金属材料加热生产通过对焊
4、接温度,有或没有应用程序的压力,或由应用程序的压力,仅在使用或不使用的填充金属。Basedonthesedefinitionsweldingprocessesmaybeclassifiedintothosewhichrelyontheapplicationofpressuresandthosewhichusedelevatedtemperaturestoachievethebond.ThemostimportantprocessesareshowninFigure3.1基于这些定义焊接过程可以分为那些依赖于应用程序的压力和那些使用高温达到债券。最重要的流程如图3.
5、1所示3.1.2FusionWeldingThemostwidelyusedweldingprocessesrelyonfusionofthecomponentsatthejointline.Infusionwelding,aheatsourcemeltsthemetaltoformabridgebetweenthecomponents3.1.2熔焊应用最广泛的焊接过程依赖于融合的组件的结合线。在熔焊,热源融化金属,形成一个组件之间的桥梁Themoltenmetalmustbeprotectedfromtheatmosphere-absorptionofoxyge
6、nandnitrogenleadstoapoorqualityweld.Airintheweldareacanbereplacedbyagaswhichdosenotcontaminatethemetal,ortheweldcanbecoveredwithaflux.必须保护熔融金属从大气吸收的氧气和氮气导致质量差的焊缝。空气在焊缝区可以被替换为一个气体不污染金属或焊缝可以覆盖一个通量。AlargenumberoffusionweldingprocessesandtechniquesareavailableNoprocessisuniversallybest.Ea
7、chhasitsownspecialattributesandmustbematchedtotheapplication.Choosingthemostsuitableprocessrequiresconsiderationofanumberoffactors,includingtypeofmetal,typeofjoint,materialthickness,productionconstraints,equipmentavailability,labouravailability,labourcost,costofconsumables,health,safe
8、tyand
