材料专业英语——POLYMER NAME Special English高分子方向(1)

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1、SpecialEnglishforpolymerscience1.1SaturatedCnH2n+2(alkanes)a.)UnbranchedThefirstfourmembershavesemi-trivialnames(俗名),Followingthemembersoftheseriesaregivensystematicnames.Inthesenames,theending“–ane”iscombinedwiththeGreek(Latin)numericaltermforthenumberofC-ato

2、ms,inthechain.MethaneCH4EthaneC2H6PropaneC3H8ButaneC4H10CnH2n+1radicals(alkyls)CH4methane;CH3—methyl“ane”→“yl”Butane→butyl;propane→propylPentane→pentyl;hexane→hexylHeptane→heptyl;octane→octylNonane→nonyl;decane→decylCnH2nradicals(1)“ane”→“ylidene”(叉，亚基)H3C-CH=

3、Ethylidene(乙叉，亚乙基)H3C-CH2-CH=Propylidene(亚丙基)(2)Adivalentradicalwithtwoterminal‘yl’(撑):“ane”→“ylene”-CH2-:methylene;-CH2-CH2-:Ethylene（乙撑）(3)CnH2n-1radicalsCH≡（ylidyne，次基，“川”）methylidyneCH3C≡ethylidyne（次乙基，乙川）b)BranchedSaturatedbranchedacyclichydrocarbonisname

4、dby(1)choosingthelongestmainchain;and(2)prefixingthedesignationsofthesidechainstothenameofthemainchain(inalphabeticalorder)3-ethyl-2,7-dimethyl-4-propyloctaneDimethylpentyl

5、hexane1.2Unsaturated1.2.1CnH2nAlkenesCnH2n-2AlkynesAlkane→alkene(alkadiene):“ane”→“ene”(adiene)Alkane→alkyne(alkadiyne):“ane”→“yne”(adiyne)2-pentene1,3-pentadiene2-hexyneRetainedtrivialnamesH2C=CH2Ethylene(ethene)HC≡CHAcetylene(ethyne)Isoprene(2-Methyl-1,3-but

6、adiene)2-Butenyl2-ButynylH2C=CH-Vinyl(Ethenyl)H2C=CH-CH2-Allyl(2-Propenyl)Cyclichydrocarbons在相同碳原子数的烷烃名称前面加“cyclo”(饱和单环化合物)Aromaticgroup甲基异丙醚甲基丙醚methyli-propylethermethyln-propyletherKetone(酮)Suffix:…oneAldehyde(醛)Suffixes:-al,…aldehyde,常见有机酸在英文中常用俗名，系统名称反而不被采

7、用SystematicnamesTrivialNamesMethanoicacidFormicacid（蚁酸）EthanoicacidAceticacid（醋酸）PropanoicacidPropionicacid（初油酸）ButanoicacidBu’tyricacid（酪酸）2-MethylpropanoicacidIsobutyricacidPentanoicacidVa’lericacid（缬草酸）3-MethylbutanoicacidIsovalericacid（异缬草酸）HexanoicacidCap

8、roicacidDodecanoicacidLauricacid（月桂酸）TetradecanoicacidMy’risticacid（肉豆蔻酸）HexadecanoicacidPal’miticacid（棕榈酸，软脂酸）OctadecanoicacidSte’aricacid(硬脂酸)SystematicnamesTrivialNamesEthanedio