材料专业英语——POLYMERNAMESpecialEnglish高分子方向(1)

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1、SpecialEnglishforpolymerscience1.1SaturatedC“H2n+2(alkanes)a.)UnbranchedThefirstfourmembershavesemi-trivialnames(俗名)，Followingthemembersoftheseriesaregivensystematicnames・Inthesenames,theending"-ane"iscombinedwiththeGreek(Latin)numericaltermforthenumberofC-atoms,inthechain.Me

2、thaneCH4EthaneC2H6PropaneC3H8ButaneC4Hi01Methane13Tridecane25Pentacosane2Ethane14Tetradecane26Hexacosane3Propane15Pentadecane27Heptacosane4Butane16Hexadane28Octacosane5Pentane17Heptadecane29Nonacosane6Hexane18Octadecane30Triacontane7Heptane19Nonadecane40Tetracontane8Octane20i

3、cosane50Pentacontane9Nonane21Henircosane60Hexacontane10Decane22Docosane70Heptacontane11Un'decane23Tricosane80Octacontane121Dodecane24Tetracosane90NonacontaneCnH2n+lradicals(alkyls)CH4methane;CH3—methyl"ane〃->"yl〃ButaneTbutyl;propane-^propylPentane-^pentyl;hexaneThexylHeptaneT

4、heptyl;octane->octylNonaneTnonyl;decaneTdecylCHnradicals⑴〃"ylidene"（叉，亚基）H3C-CH=Ethylidene(乙叉，亚乙基)H3C-CH2-CH=Propylidene(亚丙基)(2)Adivalentradicalwithtwoterminal撑)：-CH2-:methylene;-CH2-CH2-:Ethylene(乙撑)(3)CnH2n-lradicalsCH=(ylidyne,次基，"川")methylidyneCH3C=ethylidyne(次乙基,乙川)b)Bra

5、nchedSaturatedbranchedacyclichydrocarbonisnamedby(1)choosingtheIongestmainchain;and(2)prefixingthedesignationsofthesidechainstothenameofthemainchain(inalphabeticalorder)H7H-・3丫cc4ch3H3C—CH—CH2—CH787653-ethyl・2,7-dimethyl-4-propyloctaneDimethylpentyl

6、序排列。我国规定采用立体化学中“次序规则〃：优先基团放在后面，如第一原子相同则比较下一原子。654321CH3—CH-CH2—CH—CH—CH3・I_IICH3CH3CH32,3,5-trimethylhexane1.2Unsaturated1.2.1CnH2nAlkenesCnH2n-2AlkynesAlkane->alkene(alkadiene):"aneV'ene'^adiene)Alkane->alkyne(alkadiyne):"ane〃T"ynez,(adiyne)h3c—ch?—ch=ch-ch3543212-penteneH3C

7、—CH=CH—CH=CH1543211,3-pentadieneh3c—ch2—ch2—c=c—ch36543212-hexyneRetainedtrivialnamesH2C=CH2Ethylene(ethene)HC三CHAcetylene(ethyne)ch3h2c=ch—c=ch2Isoprene(2-Methykl,3-butadiene)21CH3—CH=CH-CH2一2-Butenyl21CH3—C三C—CH?——2-ButynylH2C=CH-Vinyl(Ethenyl)H2C=CH-CH2-Allyl(2-Propenyl)Cy

8、clichydrocarbons在相同碳原子数的烷矩名称前面加"cyclop饱和单环化合物）0BenzenePhenylNaphthal