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ID:38462360
大小:1.03 MB
页数:32页
时间:2019-06-13
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1、InternationalBusinessTopicsUnit1InternationalTradeTheoriesGoalsoftheUnit1.Identifytheoriesofinternationaltrade2.Understandtheimplicationsofthetheoriestobusinesses.Warmingupquestions1.Whydowelearntradetheories,andhowmanydoyouknow?2.Howdotheyexplainoraffectthepatternofw
2、orldtrade?3.Whatbenefitscanwegetbylearningthesetheories?Whatdotradetheoriestellus?Benefitsofinternationaltradetheoriesshowwhycountriesshouldtradeforproducts/servicesevenwhentheycanproducethemdomesticallyPatternsofinternationaltradetheoriesshowwhycountriesspecializethe
3、waytheydoRoleofthegovernmenttheorieshelparticulatetheroleofgovernmentpolicyAnoverviewoftradetheorydevelopmentEarlythinking:MercantilismAdamSmith:Thetheoryofabsoluteadvantage,1776Ricardo:Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage,1817Heckscher-Olintheory:20thcenturyAnoverviewoftr
4、adetheoryDevelopment(continued)ProductLifecycleeffects“New”tradetheoryPorter’sdiamond:nationalcompetitiveadvantage1.Mercantilism(mid-16th–17th)重商主义Basictheme:encourageexports,discourageimports(gold/silverasnationalwealth)Fundamentalweakness:Tradeisseenasazero-sumgame
5、(againbyonecountryresultsinalossbyanother)Whatisitsargument?Governmentinterventionbytariffs"asAlthoughdiscreditedasatheory,mercantilistthinkingisstillverymuchalive–socalledneo-mercantilism:EconomicpowerPoliticalPowerBalanceofTradesurplusInstrumentsofTradePolicyTar
6、iffsSubsidiesImportquotas(and“voluntary”exportrestraintsLocalcontentrequirementsAdministrativetradepolicies(bureaucratichurdles)DavidHume(1752)critiqueonmercantilismLong-runsurplusisimpossibleIfEnglandhadatradesurpluswithFrance,InflationExpensivegoodsexportdecreasedC
7、ontractionCheapergoodsExportincreasedEnglandtradedeteriorates,FrancetradeimprovesResult:2.AbsoluteAdvantageAdamSmith(1776)attackedmercantilism:Countriesdifferinproductionefficiency,climate,soil,accumulatedexpertise,thusabsoluteadvantageCountriesspecializeintheproducti
8、onofgoodswithAAandtradeforothersBothcountriesbenefitfrominternationaltrade.Itispositive-gameWealthofNationDavidRicardo:Quest
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