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1、（二）种族(2)therace种族本无优劣。Thereisnoadvantagesanddisadvantagesbetweenpeoplefromdifferentrace.阿富汗是一个多民族国家，在政治、经济、文化中占主导地位的普什图人，是阿富汗的第一大民族，Afghanistanisamulti-ethniccountry,whilePushtunsdominantinthepolitical,economicandculturalfield,whichisAfghanistan'sfirstgreatnation.而具有蒙古血统的哈扎拉人是阿富汗
2、的人口第三多的民族，但历来不被重视并且长期受到普什图等民族的压迫和歧视，AndHazaraofMongolianbloodisthirdofthepopulationofethnicAfghanistan,buthasalwaysbeenignoredandhasbeenoppressedanddiscriminatedforalongtimebyotherethniclikePashtun.阿富汗复杂的民族关系是构成社会的阶层关系的基础，普什图族往往处在阿富汗社会的中上层，而哈扎拉人则多沦为下层。Suchacomplexethnicrelationsh
3、ipisthebasisofsocialclassrelations,PushtunsofteninAfghansocietyupper-middle-class,andHazarasismuchreducedtoalowerlevel.民族与民族之间的不平等，阶级与阶级之间的不平等，又往往是人与人之间的不平等的根源。Inequalitybetweendifferentnationsandclasses,usually,istherootofinequalitybetweenpeople.阿米尔家庭成员内部的不平等，也就是阿富汗社会成员不平等的缩影。In
4、ternalinequalityinAmir'sfamilymembersaretheepitomeofAfghanmembersofsocialinequality.作为普什图人的爸爸和阿米尔是家里的主人，阿里和哈桑这对哈扎拉父子是忠实的仆人。AsPushtunsfatherandamiristhemasterofthehouse,whileAliandhissonHasanarefaithfulservantasHazaras.这种不平等的阶级和民族观念，是阿米尔父子背叛哈桑父子的根源，Thisinequalityofclassandnational
5、ideaisthereasonofAmirandhisfather'sbetrayaltoHassanfatherandson.因为他们从始至终都没有平等的对待自己所谓的“兄弟”。becausetheydidn'thavetheequaltreatmentfrombeginningtoendtheirtotheso-called"brothers".而哈桑和父亲阿里却被这种不平等打上了深深的烙印，接受了他们仿佛是与生俱来的下等地位，仿佛天生就该沦为仆人。AndHassanandhisfatherAliwerethedeeplymarkedbythisin
6、equality,acceptedthattheywerebornwithaninferiorposition,asiftheyshouldbeservants.这种奴化思想，这种“不平等”和“不抗争”的意识才是根源，最应该被救赎。Thiskindofenslavingthought,thiskindof"inequality"and"don'tstruggle"consciousnessistherootcause,whichmostlyshouldberedeemed.（三）宗教(3)thereligious信仰本无优劣。Thereisnoadvan
7、tagesanddisadvantagesbetweenpeoplefromdifferentfaith.阿富汗是一个宗教国家，普什图人主要信仰逊尼派，为伊斯兰教中的最大派别，自称“正统派”，与哈扎拉人信仰的什叶派对立。Afghanistanisareligiouscountry,thePushtunsmainbeliefSunni,thelargestfactioninIslam,theself-proclaimed"orthodox",andtheHazarasbeliefshiaoppositly.为排除异己，阿富汗宗教极端主义兴起，它已经不是人们
8、宗教信仰的问题，它只是打着宗教的名义行使政治的极端权利，所谓“挂羊头卖狗肉”，但
