二语习得(L3)正

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1、LessonThreeInterlanguageandthe‘natural’routeofdevelopmentTasks:1writingapaperonthetopiconthe‘natural’routeofdevelopmentofL22writingapaperonthetopicsuccessanalysisinsteadoferroranalysis3writingapaperonthetopicAnanalysisofEnglishfossilizationofstudentatsomelevel1.WhatarementalistviewsofL1

2、acquisition?2.Whataretheassumptionsunderlyinginterlanguagetheory?3.Whataretheprincipalprocessesoperatedininterlanguage?4.Whatisfossilization?Why?5.WhataretheessentialCharacteristicsofLanguage-learnerlanguage?6.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenErroranalysisandContrastiveAnalysis?7.Whatinforma

3、tionaboutinterlanguagedoesErrorAnalysisprovide?8.Whataretheempiricalevidencesfortheinterlanguagehypothesis?9.Whataretheproblemswiththeempiricalresearches?IntroductionBackgroundtheoryandresearchinL1acquisition(afixedorderarebasedonatheoryoflearningthatstressesthelearner-internalfactors)T

4、henotionofinterlanguage(theoreticalconstructusedtoidentifythestagesofdevelopment)‘natural’routeofdevelopment(Theprincipalgoalofthischapter)DiscussionoftheL2=L1hypotesisCaveats(regardingthecentralityoflearner-internalprocessesinaccountsofSLA)MentalistaccountsoffirstlanguageacquisitionCho

5、mskyLennebergMcNeillLanguageacquisitiondeviceChomskyassumesthatchildrenarebornwithalanguageacquisitiondevice(LAD).ThisLADismadeupofasetofgeneralprinciplescalleduniversalgrammar.Thesegeneralprinciplescanbeappliedtoallthelanguagesintheworld.DefinitionofacquisitionAcquisitioncanbebroadlyde

6、finedastheinternalizationofrulesandformulaswhicharethenusedtocommunicateintheL2.Inthissensetheterm‘acquisition’issynonymouswiththeterm‘learning’.However,Krashen(1981)usesthesetermswithdifferentmeaning.‘Acquisition’forKrashen,consistsofthespotaneousprocessofruleinternalizationthatresults

7、fromnaturallanguageuse,while‘learning’consistsofthedevelopmentofconsciousL2knowledgethroughformalstudy.AcquisitiondeviceNativisttheoriesoflanguageacquistionemphasizetheimportanceoftheinnatecapacityofthelanguagelearnerattheexpenceofenvironmentalfactors.Eachlearneriscreditedwitha