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1、PART1INTRODUCTIONTOENVIRONMENTALENGINEERINGThebookincludes:DescriptionofwhatismeantbyenvironmentandbyenvironmentalsystemsInformationonthebasiscausesofenvironmentaldisturbancesBasisscientificknowledgenecessarytounderstandthenatureofenvironmentalproblemsandtobeabletoquan
2、tifythemCurrentstateofthetechnologyenvironmentalcontrolinitsapplicationtowater,airandpollutionproblemsConsiderablegapsinourcurrentscientificknowledgeofunderstandingandcontrollingmanyofthecomplexinteractionsbetweenhumanactivitiesandnatureManyenvironmentalproblemswhichco
3、uldbeeliminatedorreducedbytheapplicationofcurrenttechnology,butwhicharenotdealtwithbecauseofsociety’slackofwilltodoso,orinmanyinstancesbecauseofalackofresourcestodoso.SomeImportantDefinitionsWheretheyarefirstusedinthisbook,definitionsareintroducedinblockform,asshownher
4、e,orprintedinboldtype.Environmentisthephysicalandbiotichabitatwhichsurroundsus;thatwhichwecansee.hear,touch,smell,andtaste.System,accordingtoWebster’sdictionary,isdefinedas“asetorarrangementofthingssorelatedorconnectedastoformaunitororganicwhole;as,asolarsystem,irrigat
5、ionsystem,supplysystem,theworldoruniverse”.Pollutioncanbedefinedasanundesirablechangeinthephysical,chemical,orbiologicalcharacteristicsoftheair,water,orlandthatcanharmfullyaffectthehealth,survival,oractivitiesofhumansorotherlivingorganisms.Whenthegoalofimprovingenviron
6、mentalqualityistakentobeimprovinghumanwellbeing.Theword“environment”broadenstoincludeallkindsofsocial,economic,andculturalaspects.Suchbroadnessisunworkableinmanyrealsituationsandimpracticalinatextbookdesignedforaone-semestercourse.Ourexaminationofenvironmentalproblemsi
7、sthereforelimitedbyourdefinitionof“environment”.InteractionofSystemsAnumberofdifferentenvironmentalproblemsareassociatedwithwater,air,orlandsystems.Manyoftheseproblemswillapplyonlywithinoneofthesesystems,justifyingthebreakdownintothesecategories.Suchaclassificationisal
8、sousefulforeasiercomprehensionofrelatedproblemswithinonesystem.Moreover,itissensiblebecause,formanagerialandadministr
