系统解剖学英文阅读材料

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1、ThecervicalplexusFormationandlocationofthecervicalplexusThecervicalplexusisformedbyunionoftheanteriorbranchesofthefirstfourcervicalnerves(C1-C4)andaportionofC5(Fig.18-2).Itliesdeeptothesternocleidomastiodmuscle,onthelevatorscapulaeandscalenusmedius.Branchesofthecervicalplexusaredividedintosuper

2、ficial(cutaneous)anddeepbranches.BranchesofthecervicalplexusSuperficialbranchesTheyemergearoundthemiddleoftheposteriorborderofthesternocleidomastoidmuscleandsupplytheskinoftheneckandscalp(Fig18-3).Inacervicalplexusblock,ananestheticagentisinjectedatseveralpointsalongtheposteriorborderofthestern

3、ocleidomastoidmuscle,mainlyatitsmidpoint.Thesuperficialbranchesareasfollows:Thelesseroccipitalnerve(C2)Itascendsalongtheposteriorborderofthesternocleidomastoidmuscleandsuppliestheskinoftheneckandscalpposterosuperiortotheauricle.Thegreatauricularnerve(C2-3)Itascendsacrossthesternocleidomastoidmu

4、scleontotheparotidglandandsuppliestheskinovertheparotidglandandaroundtheauricle.Thetransversenerveofneck,ortransversecervicalnerve(C2-3)Itcurvesaroundthemiddleoftheposteriorborderofthesternocleidomastoidmuscleandpassesforwardacrossit.Itsuppliestheskinontheanteriorandlateralsurfacesoftheneck.The

5、supraclavicularnerves(C3-4)Theyemergefrombeneaththeposteriorborderofthesternocleidomastoidmuscleanddescendacrossthesideoftheneck.Theyaredividedintothemedial,intermediateandlateralsupraclavicularnervesandsupplytheskinovershoulderaswellastheupperportionofthechest.DeepbranchesTheysupplythedeepmusc

6、lesoftheneck,levatorscapulae,infrahyoidmusclesanddiaphragm.Themostimportantbranchisthephrenicnerve.Fibersfromthethird,fourth,andfifthcervicalnervesunitetobecomethephrenicnerve(Fig18-4).Thenervedescendsacrossthefrontofthescalenusanterior,thenentersthethoraxbypassinginfrontofthesubclavianartery.W

7、ithinthethorax,itpassesinfrontoftherootofthelunganddescendsbetweenthepericardiumandthemediastinalpleuratothediaphragm.Thephrenicnervepossessesmotorandsensoryfibers.Themotorfibersinnervatethediaphragm,whilethesensoryfiberssupplythe