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1、工程材料读书笔记学校东北大学班级xx姓名xx学号xx日期xx老师xxPart41.Thephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofmaterialscanhavevariousimportanteffectsonmanufacturingandontheservicelifeofcomponents.Thesepropertiesandchar-acteristicsshouldbeconsideredduringmaterialselectionbecausetheyaffectdesign,servicerequirements,
2、andcompatibilitywithothermaterials,includingtools,dies,andworkpieces.2.Thermalconductivityandexpansionaremajorfactorsinthedevelopmentofthermalstressesandofthermalfatigueandshock,effectswhichareimportantintoolanddielifeinmanufacturingoperations.Low-expansionalloys(suchasInvar)have
3、uniqueapplications.3.Electricalandchemicalpropertiesareimportantinmanyadvancedmachiningprocess-essuchaselectrical-discharge,chemical,andelectrochemicalmachining.Chemicalreactions,includingoxidationandcorrosion,areimportantconsiderationsinmaterialselection,design,andmanufacturing,
4、aswellasontheservicelifeofcom-ponents.Passivationandstress-corrosioncrackingaretwoimportantphenomena.Somephysicalpropertiesareutilizedinmanufacturingprocessesandtheircontrol,suchasthemagnetostrictioneffect(forultrasonicmachiningofmetalsandnonmetallicmaterials)andthepiezoelectrice
5、ffect(forforcetransducersandvariousothersensors).Commerciallypuremetalsgenerallydonothavesufficientstrengthformanyengi-neeringappkations;theymustbealloyedwithvariouselementswhichchangetheirstructuresandproperties.Importantconceptsinalloyingarethesolubilityofalloy-ingelementsinaho
6、stmetalandthephasespresentatvariousrangesoftemperatureandcomposition.4.Alloyscomebasicallyintwoforms:solidsolutions,andintermetalliccompounds.Solidsolutionsmaybesubstitutionalorinterstitial.Therearecertainconditionsper-tainingtothecrystalstructureandatomicradiithathavetobemetinor
7、dertodevel-opthesestructures.5.Phasediagramsshowtherelationshipsamongthetemperature,thecomposition,andthephasespresentinaparticularalloysystem.Astemperatureisdecreasedatvari-ousrates,correspondinglyvarioustransformationstakeplaceinmicrostructuresthathavewidelyvaryingcharacteristi
8、csandproperties.Amongthebinarysystems,th
