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1、WeldJoints(a)Buttjoint(b)Cornerjoint(c)Tjoint(d)Lapjoint(e)EdgejointFIGURE12.1Examplesofweldedjoints.ceyittenanctionabileainpariessVartsartscyMInPPlitofignetrengthsoleranMethodStDesSmallLargeTRelibiEaVisualCosArcwelding123131222Resistancewelding121133331Brazing111131323Boltsandnuts1231211
2、13Riveting123111312Fasteners233122213TABLE12.1ComparisonofvariousjoiningSeaming,crimping221331311Adhesivebonding311232332methods.Note:1,verygood;2,good;3,poor.ManufacturingProcessesforEngineeringMaterials,5thed.Kalpakjian•Schmid©2008,PearsonEducationISBNNo.0-13-227271-7GeneralSummaryJoini
3、ngSkillLevelWeldingCurrentDistor-CostofProcessOperationAdvantageRequiredPositionTypetion∗EquipmentShieldedManualPortableHighAllac,dc1to2LowmetalarcandflexibleSubmergedAutomaticHighdeposi-LowtoFlatandac,dc1to2MediumarctionmediumhorizontalGasmetalSemiautomaticWorkswithLowtoAlldc2to3Mediumtoa
4、rcorautomaticmostmetalshighhighGastung-ManualorWorkswithLowtoAllac,dc2to3MediumstenarcautomaticmostmetalshighFlux-coredSemiautomaticHighdeposi-LowtoAlldc1to3MediumarcorautomatictionhighOxyfuelManualPortableHighAll–2to4LowandflexibleElectronSemiautomaticWorkswithMediumtoAll–3to5Highbeam,las
5、erorautomaticmostmetalshighbeam∗1,highest;5,lowestTABLE12.2Generalcharacteristicsofjoiningprocesses.ManufacturingProcessesforEngineeringMaterials,5thed.Kalpakjian•Schmid©2008,PearsonEducationISBNNo.0-13-227271-7OxyfuelGasWelding2100°C1260°COuterenvelopeAcetylene(3800°F)(2300°F)(smallandna
6、rrow)featherInnerconeOuterInnerconeBrightluminousBlue3040to3300°Cenvelope(pointed)innerconeenvelope(5500to6000°F)(a)Neutralflame(b)Oxidizingflame(c)Carburizing(reducing)flameGasmixtureFillerrodWeldingtorchMoltenFlameweldmetalSolidifiedBasemetalweldmetal(d)FIGURE12.2Threebasictypesofoxyace
7、tyleneflamesusedinoxyfuelgasweldingandcuttingoperations:(a)neutralflame;(b)oxidizingflame;(c)carburizing,orreducing,flame.(d)Theprincipleoftheoxyfuelgasweldingoperation.ManufacturingProcessesforEngineeringMaterials,5thed.Kalpakjian•Schmid©2008,PearsonEducationISBNNo.0-1
