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1、第26卷第7期精细化工Vol.26,No.72009年7月FINECHEMICALSJuly2009香料与香精3生姜精油、浸膏和油树脂的提取及成分分析3战琨友,董灿兴,徐坤(山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018)摘要:为比较不同方法提取姜油的得率和成分差异,用气质谱联用技术对水蒸气蒸馏、乙醇浸提和超临界CO2萃取所得姜油进行了比较分析。结果表明,不同方法的姜油得率和化学成分差异较大:姜油得率依次为超临界CO2萃取法(4167%)、乙醇浸提法(3175%)和水
2、蒸气蒸馏法(0195%)。从水蒸气蒸馏所得精油中鉴定出68种成分,主要是呈现芳香性气味的倍半萜类化合物(相对质量分数,下同,63146%)和单萜类化合物(34191%);从乙醇浸提所得浸膏中鉴定出41种成分,主要是呈现辛辣味的姜辣素类化合物(86141%),其中主要为62姜酚(16186%)、62姜烯酚(16158%)、姜油酮(17168%);从超临界CO2萃取所得油树脂中鉴定出77种成分,挥发性的萜类化合物和非挥发性的姜辣素类化合物分别占总质量的59131%和40169%,具有浓郁的芳香气味和强
3、烈的辛辣味。关键词:生姜;精油;浸膏;油树脂;化学成分;香料与香精中图分类号:TQ654文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5214(2009)07-0685-06AnalysisandExtractionofEssentialOil,ConcreteandOleoresinfromGinger3ZHANKun2you,DONGCan2xing,XUKun(StateKeyLaboratoryofCropBiology,CollegeofHorticultureScienceandEngineeri
4、ng,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,Tai′an271018,Shandong,China)Abstract:Inordertocomparethedifferenceofextractionrateandchemicalcompositionbyvariousextractionmethodsforextractinggingeroilfromginger,theessentialoil,concreteandoleoresin,obtainedbysteamdi
5、stillation,ethanolleachingandsupercriticalcarbondioxidewereanalyzedbygaschromatographyandmassspectrometrytechnique.Theresultsindicatedthattheextractionrateandchemicalcompositionweresignificantlydifferentamongthesethreekindsofgingeroil.Thegingeroilextr
6、actionratebysteamdistillation,ethanolleachingandsupercriticalcarbondioxidewere0195%,3175%and4167%,respectively.68,41,77compoundswereidentifiedinthesethreekindsofgingeroil,respectively.Thegingeressentialoilobtainedbysteamdistillationwasmainlythesesquit
7、erpenoids(63146%)andthemonoterpenoids(34191%)responsibleforthedistinctaroma;thegingerconcreteobtainedbyethanolleachingwasmainlythepungentcompounds(86141%)responsibleforthepungentaroma,62gingerol(16186%),62shogaol(16158%)andzingerone(17168%)amongthem;t
8、hegingeroleoresinobtainedfromsupercriticalcarbondioxidecontainedabundantnon2volatilegingerpungentcompounds(40169%)andabundantvolatileterpenoidcompounds(59131%),andpresentedintenselythearomaandpungencyofginger.Keywords:ginger;essentialoil;concr
