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1、COVERSTORYNotJustBlueSkyFromhigh-speedtransistorstosolid-statelasers,IEEEMedalofHonorrecipientHerbertKroemer’stheorieshaveledtoawealthofsemiconductorapplicationsBYTEKLAS.PERRYSeniorEditornunusualconditionwasimposedonHerbertAshetoldSpectrum,hisactualknowledgeofthesubjectKroeme
2、ratthestartofhisresearchcareer50matterwasratherlimited.Butwhathisresearchadvisorreallyyearsago.Hewasnotallowedtotouchany-caredaboutwasmethodology.DoesastudentknowhowtoAthinginhisworkplace,theTelecommuni-tackleaproblemwithnobackgroundinthesubject?AndcationsLaboratoryoftheGerma
3、nPostalService.Thefearwasdoesheorsheknowhowtoacquiretheknowledgeneeded?thatthisrecentgraduateintheoreticalphysicswouldbreakAndthatKroemerknewhowtodo.Tothisday,hisviewofedu-something.Farfromconstraininghim,therestrictioncationisthataccumulatingmethodologymattersmorethanexpande
4、dhishorizons.accumulatingknowledgeofsubjectmatter.Withjustpencilandpaper,hebegansketchingouttheo-”Itwasnotuntilanumberofyearsafterworkingwithhimthatriesthatwouldresonateacrosstheentireworldofsemicon-Irealizedhowuniquethisis,”saysWilliamFrensley,aone-timeductorscience.Andthatw
5、orkwouldculminateinaNobelgraduatestudentofKroemer’sandnowprofessorofelectricalPrizeinPhysicsin2000andthisyear’sIEEEMedalofHonor,engineeringattheUniversityofTexas,Dallas.“Otherstudentsthelatterfor“contributionstohigh-frequencytransistorsworkedforprofessorswhowerespecialistsand
6、becamespecial-andhot-electrondevices,especiallyheterostructuredevicesistsinthesamething,whereaswesaidwehaveaproblem,andfromheterostructurebipolartransistorstolasers,andtheirwearegoingtomasterwhatevertechniquesittakestosolveit.”molecularbeamepitaxytechnology.”Whilehistheoriesl
7、edtoproductsthatearnedtheirman-Postalserviceufacturersbillionsofdollars,noneoftheprofitscametoKroe-In1952,whenKroemerreceivedhisPh.D.,anacademiccareermer.“Thatreallydoesn’tbugme,”hesays,sittinginhissmallwasoutofthequestion.ThelinesofsuccessionatexistingGer-andsparselydecorate
8、dofficeontheSantaBarbaracampusofmanuniversitieswerelong,andnonewones
