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1、Extractfrom:D.Maltoni,D.Maio,A.K.Jain,S.PrabhakarHandbookofFingerprintRecognitionSpringer,NewYork,2003Preface(Copyright2003,SpringerVerlag.AllrightsReserved.)PrefaceOverviewBiometricrecognitionreferstotheuseofdistinctivephysiologicalandbehavioralcharacteris-tics(e.g.,fingerpri
2、nts,face,hanggeometry,iris,gait,signature),calledbiometricidentifiersorsimplybiometrics,forautomaticallyrecognizingaperson.QuestionssuchasIsthispersonauthorizedtoenterthefacility?,Isthisindividualentitledtoaccesstheprivilegedinforma-tion?,andDidthispersonpreviouslyapplyforajob
3、?areroutinelyaskedinavarietyoforganizationsinbothpublicandprivatesectors.Becausebiometricidentifierscannotbeeasilymisplaced,forged,orshared,theyareconsideredmorereliableforpersonrecognitionthantraditionaltoken-(e.g.,keys)orknowledge-(e.g.,password)basedmethods.Biometricrecogni
4、tioncanprovidebettersecurity,higherefficiency,andincreaseduserconvenience.Itisforthesereasonsthatbiometricsystemsarebeingeitherincreasinglydeployedorevaluatedinalargenumberofgovernment(e.g.,welfaredisbursement,nationalIDcard,issuingofdriverslicense)andcivilian(e.g.,computernet
5、worklogon,automatictellermachine,cellularphone,Webaccess,smartcard)applications.Anumberofbiometrictechnologieshavebeendevelopedandseveralofthemarebeingusedinavarietyofapplications.Amongthese,fingerprints,face,iris,speech,andhandge-ometryaretheonesthataremostcommonlyused.Eachbi
6、ometrichasitsstrengthsandweak-nessesandthechoiceofaparticularbiometrictypicallydependsontherequirementsofanapplication.Variousbiometricidentifierscanalsobecomparedonthefollowingfactors;uni-versality,distinctiveness,permanence,collectability,performance,acceptabilityandcircum-v
7、ention.Becauseofthewell-knowndistinctiveness(individuality)andpersistencepropertiesoffingerprintsovertime,fingerprintsarethemostwidelyusedbiometriccharacteristics.Infact,fingerprintsandbiometricsareoftenconsideredsynonyms!Fingerprintshavebeenrou-tinelyusedintheforensicscommuni
8、tyforoveronehundredyearsandautomaticfingerprintidentification
