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1、Extractfrom:D.Maltoni,D.Maio,A.K.Jain,S.PrabhakarHandbookofFingerprintRecognitionSpringer,NewYork,20034.3:Minutiae-basedMethods(extract)(Copyright2003,SpringerVerlag.AllrightsReserved.)4.3Minutiae-basedMethods141Makekau(1991),Grycewicz(1995,1996),Rodolfo,Rajbenbach,andHuignard(1995),GrycewiczandJav
2、idi(1996),Petillot,Guibert,anddeBougrenet(1996),Soiferetal.(1996),Gamble,Frye,andGrieser(1992),Wilson,Watson,andPaek(1997),KobayashiandToyoda(1999),andWatson,Grother,andCasasent(2000).However,theseopticalsystemsusuallysufferfromrotationanddistortionvariationsandthehardware/opticalcomponentsarecompl
3、exandexpensive;therefore,opticalfingerprintmatchingtechnologyhasnotreachedsatisfactorymaturityyet.4.3Minutiae-basedMethodsMinutiaematchingiscertainlythemostwell-knownandwidelyusedmethodforfingerprintmatching,thankstoitsstrictanalogywiththewayforensicexpertscomparefingerprintsanditsacceptanceasaproo
4、fofidentityinthecourtsoflawinalmostallcountries.ProblemformulationLetTandIbetherepresentationofthetemplateandinputfingerprint,respectively.Unlikeincorrelation-basedtechniques,wherethefingerprintrepresentationcoincideswiththefinger-printimage,heretherepresentationisafeaturevector(ofvariablelength)wh
5、oseelementsarethefingerprintminutiae.Eachminutiamaybedescribedbyanumberofattributes,includingitslocationinthefingerprintimage,orientation,type(e.g.,ridgeterminationorridgebifurca-tion),aweightbasedonthequalityofthefingerprintimageintheneighborhoodoftheminu-tia,andsoon.Mostcommonminutiaematchingalgo
6、rithmsconsidereachminutiaasatripletm={x,y,θ}thatindicatesthex,yminutialocationcoordinatesandtheminutiaangleθ:T={}m1,m2,...,mm,mi={xi,yi,θi},i=1..mI={}m1′,m′2,...,m′n,m′j={}x′j,y′j,θ′j,j=1..n,wheremandndenotethenumberofminutiaeinTandI,respectively.Aminutiam′jinIandaminutiamiinTareconsideredmatching,
7、ifthespatialdis-tance(sd)betweenthemissmallerthanagiventolerancer0andthedirectiondifference(dd)betweenthemissmallerthananangulartoleranceθ0:()()2()2sdm′j,mi=x′j−xi+y′j−yi≤r0,and(5)dd()m′j,mi=min()θ′j−θi,360
