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1、NationsandNationalism14(2),2008,323–345.Theglobalandregionalconstitutionofnations:theviewfromEastAsiaPRASENJITDUARADepartmentofHistoryandEastAsianLanguagesandCivilizations,UniversityofChicago,USAABSTRACT.Whiletheoriginsofnationalismaresoughtinglobalhistoricaltrends,fewanalystshaves
2、hownhownationsthemselvesareconstitutedandre-shapedbycirculatingglobalpower,ideasandmodels.TheviewfromEastAsiashowsthatthesecirculationsaremediatedbyregionaldevelopmentsandinteractionswhichbindthesenationstogetherinrivalryandinterdependence.ThehistoriesofChina,JapanandKoreahavebeenc
3、loselytiedtogethersincetheendofthenineteenthcenturyand,withagapofaboutthirtyyearsduringtheColdWar,haveintensifiedonceagain.Theglobalandregionalconstitutionofnationsproducesadialecticbetweenitsglobalformandaspirationsandmisrecognitionofthisconstitutionarisingfromtheself-perceptionofn
4、ationalismashistoricallyimmanent.Thistensionbetweentheglobalconstitutionandnationalmisrecognitioncontributestothetenacityofnationalism.Italsoallowsustogetabettergraspoftherelationshipbetweenhistoricalchangeandstructureinnationalismandtherelationshipbetweenstateandpopularnationalism
5、sinthecountriesoftheregion.KEYWORDS:globalization;nationalism;cognitiveglobalization;EastAsia;regionalism;modernhistory.Whilethecausesofnationalismhavelongbeenstudiedwithinaglobalframework,theglobalandregionalpowerstructuresandcirculationsthatsustainandcontinuouslyre-shapenationali
6、smhavebeenlesswellunderstood.Theformulationofthesystemofnation-states,suchastheWestphalianorthecontemporaryUN,whileusefultoapointisquiteinadequatetoexplainthedepthoftheglobalandregionalconstitutionofnations.Similarly,whileBenedictAnderson’sconceptionof‘modularity’representsanorigin
7、alinsight,itisconsiderablyunderspecifiedastowhoborrowedwhat,whenandwhy.Byexaminingthecaseoftwentieth-centuryEastAsia,Iproposethatnationsarecognitivelyandinstitutionallyconstitutedbyglobalcirculationsthataremediated,inturn,byregionalhistoricalandculturalinteractions.However,nationsbe
8、comenationsnotonlythroughr
