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1、EXPLORINGTHELATENTSTRUCTUREOFSTRENGTH‐RELATEDATTITUDEATTRIBUTESPennyS.VisserGeorgeY.BizerJonA.KrosnickSomeattitudesaredurableandimpactful,whereasothersareweakandinconsequential.Overthelastfewdecades,researchershaveidentifiedroughlyadozenattributesofattitudesthatd
2、iVerentiatethestrongfromtheweak.However,considerablecontroversyremainsregardingtherela-tionsamongtheseattributes.Somescholarshavesuggestedthatthevariousstrength‐relatedattributesreflectasmallnumberoflatentconstructs,where-asothershavesuggestedthateachisadistinctc
3、onstructinitsownright.Wereviewthisongoingcontroversy,andwethenreviewadiversesetofrecentstudiesthatprovidenewevidenceinsupportofthelatterperspective.Weconsidertheimplicationsofourfindingsfortheconceptualizationofatti-tudestrengthandforthemethodsbywhichitisstudied.
4、Attitudesdetermineforeachindividualwhathe[orshe]willseeandhear,whathe[orshe]willthinkandwhathe[orshe]willdo....Theydrawlinesabout,andsegregate,anotherwisechaoticenvironment;theyareourmethodsforfindingourwayaboutinanambiguousuniverse.—GordonW.Allport,1935,p.806I.I
5、ntroductionIthasbeennearly70yearssinceGordonAllportfamouslydeclaredtheattitude‘‘themostdistinctiveandindispensableconceptincontemporary1ADVANCESINEXPERIMENTALCopyright2006,ElsevierInc.SOCIALPSYCHOLOGY,VOL.38Allrightsreserved.DOI:10.1016/S0065-2601(06)38001-X0065
6、-2601/06$35.002PENNYS.VISSERetal.Americansocialpsychology’’(Allport,1935,p.798).Inthedecadessincethisboldclaim,alargeliteraturehasaccumulatedgenerallyreinforcingthenotionthatattitudesoftendo,asAllport(1935)suggested,profoundlyinfluenceperception,cognition,andbeha
7、vior.Equallyclearfromthislitera-ture,however,isthatattitudesdonotalwaysdoso.Thatis,althoughsomeattitudesexertapowerfulimpactonthinkingandonbehavior,othersarelargelyinconsequential.Similarly,whereassomeattitudesaretremendouslydurable,resistingchangeinthefaceofape
8、rsuasiveappealandremainingstableoverlongspansoftime,othersarehighlymalleableandfluctuategreatlyovertime.Theterm‘‘attitudestrength’’isoftenusedtocapturethisdistinction,
