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1、word格式文档外文翻译外文原文：PASSAGEAPowerTrainThepowertrainservestwofunctions：ittransmitspowerfromtheenginetothedrivewheels,anditvariestheamountoftorque.Thepowertrainincludes：1.engine：thatproducespower；2.transmission：eithermanualorautomatic；3.clutch：usedonlyonmanualt
2、ransmission,ortorqueconverter.：usedonlyonautomatictransmission;4.driveshaft：thattransmitsthepowerfromtransmissiontodifferential；5.thatcarriesthepowertothetwowheelaxles.SeeFig.5-1.ManualtransmissionThefunctionofamanualtransmission,showninFig.5-2,istotransfe
3、renginepowertothedriveshaftandrearwheels.Gearsinsidethetransmissionchangethecar’sdrive-wheelspeedandtorqueinrelationtoenginespeedandtorque.Thiskeepstheengine’soutputmatchedascloseaspossibletovaryingroadspeedsandloads.Amanualtransaxle，shownintheFig.5-3.,isa
4、singleunitcomposedofamanualtransmission,differential,anddriveaxles.Mostfront-wheel-drive（FWD）carsareequippedwithatransaxle.Suchtransaxlearealsofoundonsomefront-enginedorrear-wheel-drive（RWD）,four-wheel-drive（4WD）carsandonrear-enginedandrear-wheel-drivecars
5、.Amanualtransmissionrequiresuseofaclutchtoapplyandremoveenginetorquetothetransmissioninputshaft.Theclutchallowsthistohapppengraduallysothatthecarcanbestartedfromacompletestop.Manualtransmissionusuallyhavefourorfivespeeds,andoftenhave“overdrive”,whichmeanst
6、hattheoutputshaftcanturnfasterthantheinputShaftforfueleconomyonthehighway.Whenyouuseit,itwillreducetheenginespeedbyone-third,whilemaintainingthesameroadspeed.ClutchDrivingacarwithamanualtransmission,youdepresstheclutch,selectagear,andreleasetheclutchwhilea
7、pplyingpowertogetthecartomove.Theclutchallowsenginepowertobeappliedgradually专业整理word格式文档whenavehicleisstartingout,andinterruptspowertoavoidgearcrunchingwhenshifting.Engagingtheclutchallowspowertotransferfromtheenginetotransmissionanddrivewheel.Disengagingt
8、heclutchstopsthepowertransferandallowstheenginetocontinueturningwithoutforcetothedrivewheels.Theclutchbasiccomponentsare：theflywheel,clutchdisk,pressureplate,releasebearingandlinkage.SeeFig.5-4.Theflywheelisb
