《公共管理专业英语》Unit4_textB翻译

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1、RecentTransformationsAdministrationTheory：arevolutioninpublicmanagement？近代的变革管理理论：公共管理的改革Sincetheearly１９８０smuchworkhasbeenconductedinpublicadministrationtheoryandpracticethatclaimstogobeyondtheconservativeapproachinthefield．This“liberalization”ofpublicadministrationisrecognizedtodayastheNPMtrend．

2、Theself-identityproblemofpublicadministrationwasgreatlyaggravatedbythelaunchingoftheideaofNPM．AsnotedbyKettlandMitward，“publicmanagementisneithertraditionalpublicadministrationnorpolicyanalysissinceitborrowsheavilyfromavarietyofdisciplinesandmethodologicalapproaches．”Mainlydrawingontheexperienceo

3、fthebusiness／industrial／privatesector，scholarshavesuggestedtakingamoredemandingattitudetothedynamics，activity，andproductivityofpublicorganizations：however，“competingacademicdisciplinesdueledtoestablishbridgeheadsor，worse，virtuallyignoredeachotherastheydevelopedparalleltracksonrelatedproblems”．Con

4、sequently，across-fertilization，whichcouldhaveacceleratedlearningandimprovedperformanceofpublicsystems，wasdelayed．自20世纪80年代初以来，很多工作都已经在公共行政理论和实践中开展，主张要超越公共行政领域的保守研究方法。这种“自由主义化”的公共行政在今天被认为是新公共管理的发展趋势。公共行政的认同问题大大促进了新公共管理理念的产生。正如凯特尔和米尔瓦德所提到的：“公共管理既不是传统的公共行政，也不是政策分析，因为它大量地借用了不同的学科和方法论的方法。”主要吸收和借鉴了商业、工

5、业和私营部门的经验，学者们建议在公共组织的动力、活动和生产效率上采取更高的要求：然而，“相互竞争的学术科目争抢去建立优势地位，更槽糕的是，他们在相关问题上各行其是地发展，几乎忽略了彼此。”因此，一个可以促进学术交流和提高公共系统绩效的跨领域合作，被延迟了。WhataretherootsofNPM，andinwhatwayisitactuallyanewarenainthestudyofthepublicsector？Severaltheoreticalfoundations，aswellaspracticalfactors，cananswerthesequestions．Thefirst

6、，andprobablythedeepestsourceofNPM，emergesfromthedistinctionbetweentwoproximatetermsorfieldsofresearch：administrationandmanagement．Asnotedearlier，sincethelate１８８０sthemonopolyonthetermadministrationhasbeenheldbypoliticalscientists．SuchscholarsasGoodnowandWilsonwerethosewhoperceivedpublicadministrat

7、ionasaseparateanduniquedisciplinethatshouldconsistofindependenttheory，practicalskills，andmethods．Thetermmanagement，however，referredtoamoregeneralarena，usedbyallsocialscientistsandmainlybythosewhopracticeandadvancetheor