资源描述：
《GRE课堂补充材料(原字体)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、1.总述错误Merelybasedontheunsoundreasoning,theauthorhastilymakesthefallaciousandabsurdconclusion(),Thedeductionresultsfromthefollowingmajorreasons(),theauthormakessuchegregiousflawsascauseandeffect,falseanalogy,insufficientinvestigationandanalyses.2.提出因果错误Theautho
2、rcommitsthe“causeandeffect”fallacy.It’sarbitraryfortheauthortodrawtheconclusionthat(原因)willinevitablyresultin(结果).Nevertheless,otherrelevantreasonsmighthavecausedtheeffectaswell.Forexample(给出其他原因).Moreover,it’shighlypossiblethattheaforementionedreasonhasnothin
3、gtodowiththeallegedresult.3.提出数据调查错误（包括部分整体）:3.1)数量不充分Inaddition,thereisasevereweaknessinthestatisticalinvestigation.Theamountofthesampleisnotampleenoughtosupporttheanalyses.数字canhardlyrepresenttheentire情况3.2)数据不确切What’smore,thevaguelyusageof“many,alargeamount
4、”istoosubjectivetoinsinuatealargeproportionofthesample.It’shighlypossiblethattheyinvestigated6000,howevertheentire…isaround6million.Thegeneralanalysisoftheinsufficientsampleisnotenoughtoadumbratethelocalcharacteristics.Itmightbeeffectivethatthescenariointhislo
5、calphenomenonisdrasticallydifferent.3.3调查如何进行:3.3.1)选项问题Ontheotherhand,it’simperativethatweshouldpayattentiontothecarriageoftheinvestigation----whetherthequestionnairerepresentstheinvestigators’subjectivepropensity.Forinstance,hemighthaveonlyputoneortwochoices
6、infavorofhisjudgmentleavinglittlespacefortheobjectiveselections.Maybethechoiceisjustwhetheryoursleepingtimeexceeds6hours.Fortheconcernsofpersonalinterest,hetwisted/obscuredthetruth.3.3.2)是否匿名问题Besides,itismomentousthattheproceedingshouldbeconductedinanunbiased
7、format.Forexample,providedthattheinvestigationisnotanonymous,thecredibilityoftheresultsmustbehighlydubious.4.提出错误类比Theauthorhastilymakestheconclusionbyfalselymakingtheirrationalanalogybetween...,ignoringthegapsofvarioussituationsbetweenthetwoincludingthelawsan
8、dregulations,citizens’consciousness,technologyanditsapplication,etc.5.充分必要条件Itisassumedthat,inthereasoning,AwillresultinB.However,afterprofoundconsideration,onlyundertheconditionth
