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1、Unit5SeismicConsiderations抗震设计ThescienceofEarthquakes地震科学Earthquakeshavelongbeenfearedasoneofnature’smostterrifyingphenomena.地震长久以来被认为是恐怖的自然灾难之一Earlyinhumanhistory,thesuddenshakingoftheearthanddeathanddestructionthatresultedinwereseenasmysteriousanduncontrollable.人类早期，大地的突然晃动
2、及它所导致死亡和破坏被认作是神秘的、不可控的Often,theupheavalofthegroundwasseenasanactofretributionbyasupernaturalpower.通常，大地的巨震被认为是受到超自然力量的惩罚TheJapanese,forexample,believedthatearthquakeswerecausedbythestirringofahugecatfishwholivedintheoceandepths.比如，在日本，地震被认作是有深海中的巨型鲶鱼引起的Thetheoryofplatetectoni
3、csproposedin1969hasremovedthemysterybyexplainingtheoriginofearthquakesandshowingthattheymustbeacceptedasanaturalenvironmentprocess,oneoftheperiodicadjustmentsthattheearthmakesinitsevolution.1969年板块地质学的提出，通过解释地震的起源，让人们接受地震只是地球变化周期内的自然进化过程，从而消除了人们的困惑Thisscientificexplanation,ho
4、wever,hasnotlessenedtheterrifyingnatureoftheearthquakeexperience.但是，科学的解释并未减少地震的可怕.Indeed,insomerespects,ithasincreaseditfornow,whenwetendtoexpecttocontrolnature’sforcestoadegreeinconceivableonlyacenturyorsoago,earthquakescontinuetoremindusthatnaturestillcanstrikewithoutwarni
5、ngand,afteronlyafewseconds,leavedamageandcasualtiesinitswake.的确，在某些方面，恐怖一直在递增，一个世纪前，当我们痴望于控制自然力量的时候，地震却不停地提醒着我们，它可以毫无征兆的爆发，瞬间造成大量的破坏和伤亡Theuncertainty,lackofwarning,andinstantthreattolifecontributetoourfundamentalfearofearthquakes.地震的不规律性、毫无征兆性和对生命的持续威胁增加了我们内心的恐惧Beyondthethrea
6、ttolifeisthethreatofthedestructionofpublicandprivateproperty.除了对生命的威胁外，地震还对公共和私人财产构成威胁Jobs,services,andbusinessrevenuescandisappearinstantlyand,formany,homelesscansuddenlybeveryreal.工作、服务及商业收入瞬间化为乌有，无家可归成为现实。Theaftermathofagreatearthquakeenduresforyearsorevendecades:大地震所产生的余震
7、可以持续数年甚至几十年SixyearsaftertheLomaPrietaearthquakecenteredinSantaCruzCounty,California,thecentralretailareaofSantaCruzisstillonlypartiallyreconstructedandSanFranciscotrafficremainshamperedfreewaysstillbeingreplacedandrepaired.发生在加利福尼亚州圣克鲁斯县的地震已过去六年，圣克鲁斯县中心地区只是部分进行了重建，旧金山的道路依然受阻，
8、等待着被修复。Althoughearthquakescannotbeprevented,modernscienceandengineer
