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1、参考答案(1)B。(2)A。(3)B。(4)D。(5)C。(6)B。 MindingtheInequalityGap Duringthefirst70yearsofthe20thcentury,inequalitydeclinedandAmericansprosperedtogether.Overthelast30years,bycontrast,theUnitedStatesdevelopedthemostunequaldistributionofincomeandwagesofanyhigh-incomecountry. Some
2、analystsseethegulfbetweentherichandtherestasanincentiveforstrivers,orasjustthewaythingsare.Othersseeitashavingacorrosiveeffectonpwople'sfaithinthemarketsanddemocracy.StillotherscontendthateconomicpolarizationisarootcauseofAmerica'spoliticalpolarization.Could,andshould,some
3、thingbedone? ClaudiaGoldinandLawrenceF.Katz,twoHarvardeconomists,thinkyes.Theirbook,TheRaceBetweenEducationandTechnology(Harvard,$39.95),containsmanytables,afewequationsandapowerfullytoldstoryabouthowandwhytheUnitedStatesbecametheworld'srichestnation-namely,thankstoitssch
4、ools. Theauthorsskillfullydemonstratethatformorethanacentun.artaatasteadyrate,technologicalbreakthroughs-themassproductionsystem,electricity,computers-havebeenincreasingthedemandforevermoreeducatedworkers.And,theyshow,America'sschoolsystemmetthisdemand,notwithanationalpol
5、icy,butingrassrootsfashion,ascommunitiestaxedthemselvesandbuiltschoolsandcolleges. Beginninginthe1970s,however,theeducationsystemfailedtokeerpace,resulting,Ms.GoldinandMr.Katzcontend,inasharplyunequalnation. Theauthorsallowthatadeclineinunionmembershipandintheinflation-a
6、djustedminimumwagealsocontributedtotheshiftinwhopartookofagrowingpie.Buttheyruleouttheusualsuspects-globalization(trade)andhighimmigration-assignificantcausesofrisinginequality.Amidthecurrentcallstorestrictexecutivecompensation,theirpolicyprescriptionistohavemoreAmericansg
7、raduatefromcollege. Ifonlyitwerethateasy. Theauthors'argumentisreallytwobooksinone.OneoffersanincisivehistoryofAmericaneducation,especiallythespreadofthepublichighschoolandthestateuniversitysystem.Itprovestobeanupliftingtaleofpubliccommitmentandopenaccess.Theauthorsremin
8、dusthattheUnitedStateslongremained"thebestpoorman'scountry."Aplacewheretalentcouldrise.
