大学国际商务复习资料

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1、名词解释1.commandeconomy：Inapurecommandeconomy,thegovernmentplansthegoodsandservicesthatacountryproduces,thequantityinwhichtheyareproduced,andthepricesatwhichtheyaresold.2.Mixedeconomy:Inamixedeconomy,certainsectorsoftheeconomyarelefttoprivateownershipandfreemar

2、ketmechanismswhileothersectorshavesignificantstateownershipandgovernmentplanning.3.Culture:asystemofvaluesandnormsthataresharedamongagroupofpeopleandthatwhentakentogetherconstituteadesignforliving.4.Values:abstractideasaboutwhatagroupbelievestobegood,right,a

3、nddesirable.Putdifferently,valuesaresharedassumptionsabouthowthingsoughttobe.5.Norms:thesocialrulesandguidelinesthatprescribeappropriatebehaviorinparticularsituations.6.Mores:moresarenormsthatareseenascentraltothefunctioningofasocietyandtoitssociallife.7.Org

4、anizationculture:referstothevaluesandnormsthatemployeesofanorganizationshare.8.Culturerelativism:whichisthebeliefthatethicsarenothingmorethanthereflectionofaculture---allethicsareculturallydetermined---andthataccordingly,afirmshouldadopttheethicsoftheculture

5、inwhichitisoperating.9.Corecompete:referstoskillswithinthefirmthatcompetitorscannoteasilymatchorimitate.10.Learningeffects:refertocostsavingsthatcomefromlearningbydoing.11.Turnkeyproject:thecontractoragreestohandleeverydetailoftheprojectforaforeignclient,inc

6、ludingthetrainingofoperatingpersonnel.12.Licensingagreement:isanarrangementwherebyalicensorgrantstherightstointangiblepropertytoanotherentity(thelicensee)foraspecifiedperiod,andinreturn,thelicensorreceivesaroyaltyfeefromthelicensee.13.Greenfieldventures:afir

7、mcanestablishawhollyownedsubsidiaryinacountrybybuildingasubsidiaryfromthegroundup判断1.Globalizationhasseveralfacets,includingtheglobalizationofmarketsandtheglobalizationofproduction.2.Inapurecommandeconomy,thegovernmentplansthegoodsandservicesthatacountryprod

8、uces,thequantityinwhichtheyareproduced,andthepricesatwhichtheyaresold.3.Acivillawsystemisbasedonadetailedsetoflawsorganizedintocodes.4.Normsarethesocialrulesthatgovernpeople’sactionstowardoneora