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1、PESTELanalysisonEuropeanairlineindustryPESTELanalysisisanupdatedversionof“ETPS”,amnemonicforthefoursectorsofhistaxonomyoftheenvironment:Economic,Technical,Political,andSocial(Aguilar,1967).PESTELanalysisisananalysisoftheexternalmacroenvironment(bigpicture)inw
2、hichabusinessoperates.Theseareoftenfactorswhicharebeyondthecontrolorinfluenceofabusiness.Airlineindustryisoneofthemostimportanttransportationsectorsforanarea’sprogresswhichmakescrucialcontributiononaneconomic,politicalandsocial,culturallevel(Button,2008).Inth
3、efollowingpart,thisessaywilltargettheEuropeairlineindustryanalyzingthepolitical,economic,social,technological,environmentalandlegalaspectsoftheEuropeanairlineindustry.InthepoliticalaspectofEuropeanairlineindustry,EUhasliberalizedtheaviationmarketoftwodecades.
4、EUadoptedthefirstdirectivein1983soastoliberalizesomeinter-regionalservices.Theseconddirectivewasadoptedin1994.IntheseconddirectivemademostoftheEuropeanmarketopenedup.Fromthenon,airlinesregisteredintheEUandcontrolledbyEUnationalshadtherightofestablishmentthrou
5、ghouttheEUandwerefreetoflywithinandbetweenallmemberstates(Starkie,2012).Forexamplethebiggestlow-costairlinecompanyRyanairhasthebasesallovertheEuropeancountries(listbelow).RyanairBasesJanuary2010.SourceAirlineBusiness,January2010.Alongwiththeliberalizedprocess
6、oftheEuropeanairlineindustry,EUpoliticiansalsofocusthedevelopmentofthefull-serviceairlinecompaniesinordertosatisfiedmultipledemandoftheairlinepassengers.WiththeincreasinggrowthofLCCs,theFSCshavechangedtheirbusinesspolicies(EuropeanCockpitAssociation,2006)andh
7、avebeenforcedtoimplementreforms(pricingstructures,cost-cutting,changestoon-boardservices,etc.)toincreasethecompetitivity.IntheeconomicaspectofEuropeanairlineindustry,theupwardmomentumisobvious.EventheeconomicrecessiondidnotstoptheupwardtrendoftheEuropeanairli
8、neindustrymarket.AneasyJet’stableunder,takenfromaneasyJetfinancialpresentationinlate2008showsthecapacitychangesinvariousEuropeanmarketsplannedforthewinter2009season,atatimewhenoverallcapa
