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1、ScienceofChaosorChaosinScience?J.BricmontPhysiqueTheorique,UCL,B-1348Louvain-la-Neuve,BelgiumAbstractItrytoclarifyseveralconfusionsinthepopularliteratureconcerningchaos,determinism,thearrowoftime,entropyandtheroleofprobabilityinphysics.ClassicalideasgoingbacktoLaplaceandB
2、oltzmannareexplainedanddefendedwhilesomerecentviewsonirreversibility,duetoPrigogine,arecriticized.1IntroductionWemightcharacterizetoday'sbreakdownofindustrialorSecondWave"societyasacivilizationalbifurcation",andtheriseofamoredi erentiated,ThirdWave"societyasaleaptonewdi
3、ssipativestructures"onaworldscale.And,ifweacceptthisanalogy,mightwenotlookupontheleapfromNewtonianismtoPrigoginianisminthesameway?Mereanalogy,nodoubt.Butilluminating,nevertheless.AlvinToer(prefaceto[96]).Popularizationofscienceseemstobedoingverywell:theBigBang,thetheoryofe
4、lementaryparticlesorofblackholesareexplainedincountlessbooksforthegeneralpublic.Thesameistrueforchaostheory,irreversibilityorself-organization.However,itseemsalsothatalotofconfusionexistsconcerningtheselatternotions,andthatatleastsomeofthepopularbooksarespreadingmisconcepti
5、ons.Thegoalofthisarticleistoexaminesomeofthem,andtotrytoclarifythesituation.Inparticular,IwillmakeacriticalevaluationofthevariousclaimsconcerningchaosandirreversibilitymadebyPrigogineandbyStengers,sinceLaNouvelleAlliance".Severalofthoseclaims,especiallythemostrecentones,ar
6、eratherradical:thenotion1ofchaosleadsustorethinkthenotionoflawofnature"."([98],p.15)Forchaoticsystems,trajectoriesareeliminatedfromtheprobabilisticdescription...Thestatisticaldescriptionisirreducible."([98],p.59)Theexistenceofchaoticdynamicalsystemssup-posedlymarksaradic
7、aldeparturefromafundamentallydeterministicworld-view,makesthenotionoftrajectoryobsolete,ando ersanewunderstandingofirreversibility.Pri-gogineandStengersclaimthattheclassicalconceptionwasunabletoincorporatetimeToappearinPhysicaliaMagazine,andintheProceedingsoftheNewYorkAcad
8、emyofScience.1Hereandbelow,IhavetranslatedthetextsthatwereavailableonlyinFrench.1i
