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1、InF.Dau,M.-L.Mugnier,andG.Stumme(eds),ConceptualStructures:CommonSemanticsforSharingthKnowledge.Proceedingsofthe13AnnualInternationalConferenceonConceptualStructures(ICCS2005),pp91–106.SpringerLectureNotesinAI3596.2005.MethodologiesfortheReliableConstructionofOntologicalKnowledgeEduardHov
2、yInformationSciencesInstitute,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia4676AdmiraltyWay,MarinadelRey,CA90292-6695,USAhovy@isi.eduAbstract.Thispaperaddressesthemethodologyofontologyconstruction.Itidentifiesfivestylesofapproachtoontologizing(derivingfromphilosophy,cognitivescience,linguistics,AI/compu
3、tationallinguistics,anddomainreasoning)andarguesthattheydonotprovidethesameresults.Itthenprovidesamoredetailedexampleofoneoftheapproaches.1IntroductionAfternearlyadecadeinwhichstatisticaltechniquesmade“ontology”abadwordinvariouscomputationalcommunities,thereareencouragingsignsthatthependu
4、lumisswingingback.Butontologieswillbemostreadilyacceptedbytheirtraditionalcriticsonlyifatleasttwoconditionsaremet:goodmethodolo-giesforbuildingandevaluatingthemaredeveloped,andontologiesprovetheirutilityinrealapplica-tions.Thispaperaddressesthequestionofthe/amethodologyforontologybuilding
5、,atopicthathasreceivedrelativelylittleattention.Sinceontologieshavemanyaspects,Section2outlinestheaspectofinterestforthispaper,namelyontologycontent.Section3describesfivealternativecontentconstructionmethodologiesthathavebeenadoptedinthepast.Section4providesagenericontologyconstructionpro
6、cedure,andSection5putstheprevioustwosectionstogetherbyillustratingthelanguage-orientedmethodologywithamoredetailedaccountofhowontologybuildersmightproceed,andwhattheymightproduce.Finally,Section6ex-pressesthehopethatfurtherworkondevelopingthisandotherontologyconstructionmethodologiescanbe
7、ofuse.2OntologyContent:ShallowSemanticsTheconstructionanduseofontologiesforcomputationalpurposeshasalongandvariedhistory.Innaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),forexample,ontologieswereinitiallyseenastheultimateanswertomanyproblems,butlaterrejectedbyalmosteveryonewhenitbe
