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1、InternationalJournalofModernPhysicsD,inpress(WorldScientific,2005)"100YearsofGravityandAcceleratedFrames---TheDeepestInsightsofEinsteinandYang-Mills"(Ed.J.P.HsuandD.Fine,inpress,WorldScientific,2005)EMPIRICALFOUNDATIONSOFTHERELATIVISTICGRAVITYWEI-TOUNICent
2、erforGravitationandCosmology,Solar-SystemDivision,PurpleMountainObservatory,ChineseAcademyofSciences,No.2,BeijingW.Rd.,Nanjing,China210008wtni@pmo.ac.cnReceived16February2005In1859,LeVerrierdiscoveredthemercuryperihelionadvanceanomaly.Thisanomalyturnedoutt
3、obethefirstrelativistic-gravityeffectobserved.Duringthe141yearsto2000,theprecisionsoflaboratoryandspaceexperiments,andastrophysicalandcosmologicalobservationsonrelativisticgravityhavebeenimprovedby3ordersofmagnitude.In1999,weenvisageda3-6orderimprovementin
4、thenext30yearsinalldirectionsoftestsofrelativisticgravity.In2000,theinterferometricgravitationalwavedetectorsbegantheirrunstoaccumulatedata.In2003,themeasurementofrelativisticShapirotime-delayoftheCassinispacecraftdeterminedtherelativistic-gravityparameter
5、γtobe1.000021±0.000023ofgeneralrelativity---a1.5-orderimprovement.InOctober2004,CiufoliniandPavlisreportedameasurementoftheLense-ThirringeffectontheLAGEOSandLAGEOS2satellitestobe0.99±0.10ofthevaluepredictedbygeneralrelativity.InApril2004,GravityProbeB(Stan
6、fordrelativitygyroscopeexperimenttomeasuretheLense-Thirringeffectto1%)waslaunchedandhasbeenaccumulatingsciencedataformorethan170daysnow.µSCOPE(MICROSCOPE:MICRO-SatelliteàtrainéeCompenséepourl’ObservationduPrinciple-15d’Équivalence)isonitswayfora2007launcht
7、otestGalileoequivalenceprincipleto10.LISAPathfinder(SMART2),thetechnologicaldemonstratorfortheLISA(LaserInterferometerSpaceAntenna)missioniswellonitswayfora2008launch.STEP(SatelliteTestofEquivalencePrinciple),andASTROD(AstrodynamicalSpaceTestofRelativityus
8、ingOpticalDevices)areinthegoodplanningstage.Variousastrophysicaltestsandcosmologicaltestsofrelativisticgravitywillreachprecisionandultra-precisionstages.Clocktestsandatomicinterferometrytestsofrelativisticgra
