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1、LanguagePolicyinKenya:NegotiationwithHegemonybyWendoNabeaDepartmentofLinguistics,UniversityofVienna,Vienna,AustriaTheauthorteachesLinguisticsatEgertonUniversity,Kenya.HeiscurrentlyafinalyeardoctoratestudentintheInstituteofLinguistics,UniversityofVienna.Hisresearchinterestseng
2、agesethnography,communityliteracies,andmediaandpoliticaldiscourse.HehascontributedarticlestobothEnglishandKiswahilijournals,andiscurrentlywritingtwobookchaptersonstylisticsandidentity,andonlanguageandethnicityinAfrica.AbstractThispaperexamineslanguagepolicyinKenyafromcolonial
3、ismtodate,withaparticularfocusoneducation.ThecolonialperiodisappraisedwithregardtopreandpostSecondWorldWar,whiletheindependenceeraisanalysedaspertainsthegovernment’spositionandthelinguisticrealitiesamonglaypeople.ConsideringthatinmostcaseslayKenyansuselanguageinwaysthatareinc
4、ongruenttotheofficialpolicy,thepaperraisestheargumentthatthisisbothmediationandcontestationwithlinguistichegemony.ResultsofanempiricalstudyconductedinruralandurbancentresinKenyaareusedtovalidatetheargument.Thoughthemasseshaveshownnoplanororganisationintheirreactiontolinguisti
5、chegemony,thepaperarguesthattheyhavemediatedandcontesteditthroughabrogationofEnglishandtheassertionofAfricanlanguages,appropriationofbothEnglishandKiswahilitothepeople’scircumstances,andthroughtheevolutionofpatoislikeShengandEngsh.Whilebothmediationandcontestationarefrownedup
6、onbysticklerstothestandardlanguages,thepaperprospectsthatultimatelytheyareboundtoimpactsubstantiallyonthelanguagesituationandpolicyinthecountry.Keywords:Languagepolicy,colonial,post-colonial,hegemony,education,mediationandcontestation.121TheJournalofPanAfricanStudies,vol.3,no
7、.1,September2009BackgroundLanguagepolicyinKenyacannotbeaddressedwithouttakingahistoricalperspective.IthasitbasisinthecoloniallanguagepolicyfollowingthescrambleforAfricabyEuropeanpowers,thwhichtookplacetowardstheendofthe19Century.TheboundariesofthecontinentweredefinedbyEuropea
8、nsintheBerlinConferenceonDecember1884–January1885.In1886,ajointcommi
