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1、LanguagepolicyintheNetherlandsKutlayYagmur,Babylon,TilburgUniversity,TheNetherlandsIntroductionAsaconsequenceofsocio-economicallyand/orpoliticallydeterminedprocessesofmigration,thetraditionalpatternsoflanguagevariationacrossWesternEuropehavechangedconsiderabl
2、yoverthelastdecades.Mostnation-statesfindithardtodealwiththesignificantdemographicchangestheyarefacedwith.Nation-stateinstitutionsnotonlywanttoretaintheirtraditionalstructuresbutalsowanttostrengthentheirconnectionwitholdpractice,localidentity,andattachments.T
3、raditionalnormsandvaluesarere-introducedsothatnewcomersadoptthem.Thelatestpublicdiscourseonwhetherthe“normsandvalues”ofthemainstreamDutchsocietyshouldbeacceptedandobeyedbyimmigrantminority(IM)groupsisatypicalcasesymbolizingsocialcohesionandidentityconcernsoft
4、hegeneralpublic.Facedwithdeeptransformationsinsociety,policymakersstruggletofindadequatesolutionstoeverpressingproblems.Politiciansandmediamightoptfortheeasywayoutbysimplyblaming“new-comers”asthecauseofallsocial“problems”butsuchunfoundedsimpleactionsleadtogro
5、winganti-immigrantfeelingsandantagonismsinthemainstreamsociety,whichturnouttobeaseriousthreattosocialcohesioninactuality.Migrationistakingnewformsasdiversecultural,ethnic,racial,religious,andlanguagegroupsmovebetweenbordersmuchmorefreely.EspeciallyintheEU,peo
6、plemoveacrossnationalborders.NotonlyindigenouspopulationsbutalsoimmigrantpopulationsseekemploymentbeyondnationalborderswithintheEU,whichleadstoincreasingtransnationalism.Astheimmigrant-receivingsocietiesbecomemoreandmorediverse,nation-statesneedtofindadequate
7、waysofdealingwiththisdiversity.Publicandeducationalinstitutionsarechallengedbythisincreasingdiversity.Mostnation-statesintheEUarereluctanttoconsiderthemselvesasmulticulturalsocieties.InsomeEUcountriestheexplicitgoalistheassimilationofnewcomers.InFrance,forins
8、tance,ifimmigrantswanttobefullcitizenstheyneedtoassimilateintothemainstreamsociety.Theyarerequiredtosurrendertheirlanguagesandculturesinordertobecomefullcitizens(Castles2004,Archibald2002
