出生错误的损害赔偿问题研究

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1、出生错误的损害赔偿问题研究摘要随着现代科学技术的进步与发展，人们在思想意识方面也有了进一步的提升。为了培育良性后代，优生优育的理念已经深入人心。与此相应，由医务人员的过失致使“错误出生”问题就被人们格外关注。大多数胎儿的父母都会选择在孕期到医院做反复的检查，更有甚者会同时选择几家医院进行检查，通过依靠医院方的不断检查来避免胎儿出生时带有缺陷；其目的就是为了确保胎儿的正常发育和健康出生。然而近些年来，因为医院方未能及时告知胎儿父母胎儿异常，从而生出畸形婴儿的纠纷和诉讼数量明显增多。由于医院方的过失未

2、能发现或未尽到及时合理告知义务导致孕妇生出有缺陷的婴儿，给婴儿父母乃至整个家庭带来巨大的精神痛苦和巨额医疗费用，因此类损害由婴儿父母向法院起诉的案例即为“错误出生”的损害赔偿案例。现今针对此类案件我国并没有明确的法律规定，全国各地针对此类案件的判决也都不同。本文从“错误出生”的定义出发比较研究各国和地区关于“错误出生”的法律规定和司法实践，主张我国侵权法应当引入“错误出生”的概念，确认“错误出生”的损害赔偿责任。从侵权法的角度来研究“错误出生”侵权损害赔偿的合理性。关键词：“错误出生”损害赔偿责任

3、过失IIResearchonthecompensationforthewrongbirthABSTRACTWiththeprogressanddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,peoplehavefurtherpromotioninideology.Inordertocultivatebenignoffspring,theconceptofeugenicshasbeendeeplyrooted.Accordingly,thefaultofthemedi

4、calpersonnelcausestheproblemof"wrongbirth"tobepaidattentionto.Mostfetalparentswillchoosetogotothehospitalduringpregnancytodorepeatedtests,butalsochooseseveralhospitalstocheck,byrelyingonthehospitalsideofthecontinuousinspectiontoavoidbirthdefects,thepu

5、rposeistoensurefetalnormaldevelopmentandhealthybirth.Inrecentyears,however,thenumberofdisputesandlawsuitsinvolvingmalformedinfantshasincreasedmarkedlybecausethehospitalhasfailedtoinformfetalparentsoffetalabnormalitiesintime.Becausethenegligenceoftheho

6、spitalsidefailstodiscoverordonotfulfiltheobligationoftimelyandreasonableinformingthepregnantwomantoproducethedefectivebaby,causesgreatmentalanguishandhugemedicalexpensestotheinfantparentsandeventhewholefamily,sothecasethattheclassdamagesissuedbytheinf

7、antparentstothecourtisthe"wrongbirth"caseofdamages.Therearenoclearlegalprovisionsforsuchcasesinourcountry,andthejudgmentsagainstsuchcasesaredifferentthroughoutthecountry.Basedonthedefinitionof"falsebirth",thispaperstudiesthelegalprovisionsandjudicialp

8、racticeof"falsebirth"invariouscountriesandregions,andadvocatesthattheconceptof"falsebirth"shouldbeintroducedintothetortlawofChina,andtheliabilityof"wrongfulbirth"shouldbeconfirmed.Fromtheangleoftortlaw,thispaperstudiestherationalityof"falsebir