argument模板

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1、Theargument开头段的思路：第一句指出原论证的结构或主张第二句指出原论证的论据第三句指出原论证的重要假设最后指出原论证犯有逻辑错误正文：一段一个方面，注意句型结尾：结论，对如何加强提出建议。开头段模式：1．Inthisargument,thearguerrecommend(conclude)that…2．Thisrecommendationisbasedontheresult(evidence;fact)ofthesurveythat…3．Inaddition,thearguerassu

2、mesthis…4．Acarefulexaminationwouldreviewhowgroundlesstheargument(conclusion)is…对于文中涉及数字的黄金句型：1．Thesurveyonwhichtheargumentrelieslackscredibilityandthereforedoesnotlendstrongsupporttowhatthearguerassumes.2．Thestatisticalevidenceonwhichtheargumentdepen

3、dsissovague(unrepresentative)thatitdoesnotvalidatetheauger’sassumption(claim).对于正文有用的句型：1．Theargumentrestsontheunfounded(unconvincing,　unreasonable,　gratuitous,　groundless,　unwarranted)　assumptionthat…2．ThearguerfailstotakeIntoaccountotherpossiblefac

4、torsthatmight(lendto,resultin)…3．Thearguerignoresotherrelevantfactorsconcerning+名词结构4．Thearguerfailstoconvinceusthat(sbof)…5．Theevidenceprovidedinthisargumentisnotsufficienttovalidatetheassumptionthat…黄金句型1．Thearguerfailstoprovidesolid(any,sufficient

5、,concrete)evidencetoprovethat…/tosupporttheassumptionthat…/tovalidatetheassumptionthat…/quarantinetheconclusionthat…2．Anotherpointworthconcerningisthatthearguerfailstotakeintoaccount…3．Thereasoningthat…isopentodoubt/unreliable/problematic.4．Anotheras

6、sumptioninshortoflegitimacyisthecausalofrelationshipbetweenA&B./…isthat/theclaimthat…5．Thefactthat…sayslittle(nothing)about…对于正文的分析以及结尾模式：1．采取推测法，推测有可能的例证，反例，推测作者论证可导致的其他结论。Itislikely(possible)that…Itisimpossiblethat…Onepossibilityisthat…anotherpossi

7、bilityisthat…thethirdpossibilityisthat…May,might,perhaps2．假设If…evenIf;grantedthat…wecannotensurethat…,unless….结尾的三句话框架：指出原论者没有论证自己的结论，分别指出可以从正文所分析的方面加强原论证。三个结尾的范例：１．Inthisconclusion,thearguerfailstovalidatetheclaimthat…Tosolidifytheargument.thearguer

8、shouldsupplymoreevidencetoIndicate(demonstrate)that…Inaddition,thearguerwouldhavetoruleouttheabove-mentionedpossibilitiesthatmightunderminetheauger’sconclusion.２．Tosumup,theconclusionlacksofcredibilitybecausetheevidencecitedintheanalysisdoesnotlendst