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1、EnglishRhetoricChapter1Introduction•Distinguishtheshadesofmeaningsofthewordrhetoricinthefollowingsentences.Tellwhethertheyareusedintheircommonsenseorasatechnicalterm.1.TheemotionalconfrontationshowedthattherealproblemofthePoliceDivisionandthecommunityarebeingaggravatedbypersistent,divisiverhetoric.
2、2.TheUrbanLeagueintendstotranslatethesymbolsintosubstanceandtherhetoricintorelevance.3.Rhetoricatitsbesttriestoteachthepupiltoexploitthepossibilitiesthelanguagegiveshim.4.Thetrialwasonlyafewhoursold,butIwasalreadyannoyed.Rothblatt,thedefenseattorney,tookoffonarhetoricalbingeabout“thistempleofjustic
3、e”andthe“hysteriaofoverwhelmingpublicity”thatbroughtanobjectionfromtheprosecutors.5.Astheclamorforbasicskillscontinuestogrow,itmaybetimeforthefourthR—Rhetoric—toreentertheclassroom.6.Englishteachershavealmostabandonedtheverynameofrhetoric,andtheclassicaltraditionisnowcompletelyinourhands.7.Withoutr
4、hetoricthereissilence—andtyranny.8.Foralltherhetoricalsmoke,thePresidentandtheDemocratsarenotthatfarapartonmanyotheraspectsoftheprogram.9.Initsbestsense,rhetoricseekstodrawmentogether,attemptstoestablishagreementbywillingconsent,andtriestocreateanidentityofpurposeamongthem,topromotemeaningfulaction
5、.AccordingtoWebster’sThirdNewInternationalDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,theword“rhetoric”canbedefinedinvariousways.Onthepositiveside,itcanrefertotheartofexpressivespeechordiscourse,includingthestudyofprinciplesandrulesofcompositionformulatedbyancientcritics(asAristotleandQuintilian)andinterpretedb
6、yclassicalscholarsforapplication,ortheartandpracticeofwritingorspeakingasmeansofcommunicationwithpersuasiveormovingpower;Onthenegativeside,however,rhetoricmayalsomeanartificialeleganceoflanguage—discoursewithoutconvictionorearnestfeeling.Historically,rhetoricusedtobeappliedonlytooralexpression,cons
7、titutingmainlythespeechcraftincourtargumentations.Thisoralnatureofrhetoriccouldbetracedbacktothe4thcenturyB.C.,duringthetimeofAristotleinGreece,anditremainedsoalloftheMiddleAges.Theshiftofemphasisfromtheora
