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1、OneHundredYearsofInterstitialCellsofCajalLARSTHUNEBERG*InstituteofMedicalAnatomy,UniversityofCopenhagen,DK-2200Copenhagen,DenmarkKEYWORDShistory;microscopy;gastrointestinaltract;smoothmuscle;pacemakercells;myoidcellsABSTRACTThisreviewisaportrayaloftheevolutionofideasinvolvingtheinte
2、rstitialcellsofCajalinchangingdisguisesasdullfibroblasts,notveryexcitingSchwanncells,orperhapsquiteimportant,thoughprimitiveneurons.However,todayunmasked(webelieve),theyrevealthemselvesasmyoidcells,arolethat,judgingbycurrentinterest,isfarmoreexcitingthanformerones.Closeto500publicat
3、ionsfrom1860-1999havecontributedtothediscussioninonewayortheother.Thisliteraturecontainsawealthofcorrectobservationsbutobviouslyalsowronginterpretations,whichareseenasaresultoftooblindabeliefinspecificitiesofvisualizationmethods,combinedwithadesiretointerpreteventhehiddendetail.Itha
4、sbeenmyobjectivetoattempttotracetheoriginsofviableideas,andIhavethereforefocusedonrelativelyfewauthors.Themostrecentdevelopmentfrom1980untiltodayissowellcoveredbyeasilyaccessiblereviewsthatIhaveresortedtoamere,buthopefullycomplete,listofthem.ModernICC'istshavesofarbeencaughtintheext
5、ernalmuscleofthegutandkepttheirhandsoffitsinternalaffairs.However,whileworkingmywaythroughtheliteratureitstruckmethatanumberofrecentstudiesmayprovidetheelementsofaplausiblemodelforthevillouscontractionmechanism.Inthepresentcontext,animportantpointisthattheveryfirstpublishedinterstit
6、ial“neurons”fromCajal'shand--oftheintestinalvillus,1889--mayachievenewsignificanceasapossiblecorrelatetotheregulatoryICCoftheintestinalmuscularis.Partlytomakethispoint,Ihavetakenthelibertyofgivingashortaccountofrecentresultsfromourlab.Microsc.Res.Tech.47:223-238,1999.©1999Wiley-Liss
7、,Inc.INTRODUCTIONThestoryoftheInterstitialCellsofCajalisthefascinatingtaleofchangingconcepts,asemergingthroughtheinterferencebetweenunlimitedscientificintuitionanditsformalrestraintsbydevelopingbutalwayslimitedmethodology.Itisthisinterplaythatliesbehindtheevolutionoffundamental--and
8、fundamentallycorrec
