论现代西方社会中自由与道德的关系问题

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1、复旦大学博士学位论文论现代西方社会中自由与道德的关系问题姓名：党永强申请学位级别：博士专业：西方哲学指导教师：刘放桐20030510AbstractItisafactthatmoralityinthewestemsocietygoesmarginalityinthemodemtime．Thewesternthinkersarequarrellingaboutthereasons，characteristicsandsettlementsoftheproblem．Facingtheissue，thispaperistodiscusstheproblemon

2、lyfromtheprospectiveoftherelationshipbetweenfreedomandmorality．Accordingtothispaper,itistheproblemoffreedomthatleadstothefallofmorality．Freedomisregardedasthecorevalueinthewesternsociety．Themainfunctionoflawistoprotectindividualfreedom．Bothtraditionalliberalismandnewliberalismhav

3、ethesamestandpoint0nthisissue．ButfreedomembodiedindifferentsidesofmanhasdifferentmeaningConcretely．freedommainlyhasthreedifferentmeanings：freedomasright，freedomaspowerandfreedomofwill．ThereisalsofreedominChristianity，Theproblemoffreedominthemodemwesternsocietymainlyliesintheparad

4、oxoffreedom．Freedomasfightisformalfreedom．Referringtoend，freedomasfightisonlyakindofmeanswithwhichpeoplepursuetheirownpurposes．FreedomaspowertOactaswilledistherealendofthepeople．PeoplewishthattheycouldhavemoreandmoremeafflS，strongerandstrongerpowertosarisfytheirexpandingdesires．F

5、reedomaspowerisoftenembodiedthmughtreasure，power,statusandfameetc．inthemodemwestemsociety．Onlyequippedwiththesemeanshavepeoplemoreandmoreopportunitiestosatisfytheirmultiplewantsanddesires．Therefore，whenpeoplefightfortreasure，power,statusandfameetc．inordertosaris每theirexpandingdes

6、ires，theyareinfactnolongerfreemen，butslavedbytheirdesires．Hence，theirseemingly“free”actionsleadtothesacfificeoffreewill．Thisistheparadoxoffreedomofmodemman．Itlcadstotheoverflowingofdesiresandthefallofmorality．Lawbecomestheonlymeantoprotectsocialorder：butvirtuegoestomarginality．Th

7、erefore，torestorethefreewilldirectedbyreasonisthekeypo．mtforthesettlementoftheproblem．Unlesstosetuptheauthorityofreasoninspirit，thevolitionwillbecontinuallycontrolledhydesires．Toreturntoreason，itisnecessarytochangethepopularstereotypeofinstrumentalreason，andtosetupthemodalofcriti

8、calreason．Humandignityliesinreason，andon