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1、江西师范大学硕士学位论文明前期荒政中的腐败问题研究(1368—1487)姓名:肖发生申请学位级别:硕士专业:中国古代史指导教师:方志远20050501中文摘要本文对明前期(1368-1a87)荒政中的腐败问题进行了较为全面地考察,认为在明前期,无论报灾、勘灾、润免、发服,还是安抚、仓储、水利,腐败现象几乎无处不有;涉及人员上到承办官员的御史、知府、知县,下到管吏、里甲、富贾、监生各色人等;腐败手段更是无奇不有,既有作为的腐败,也有不作为的腐败.这些腐败因所处时代又呈现出鲜明的特点:不作为的腐败比较突出,腐败主体
2、涉及到官僚阶层的各个层次,腐败手段比较隐蔽.同时这些腐败也对明朝前期的荒政实效、官场风气产生了重要的影响,从而加剧了整个社会的冲突。究其原因,本文认为主要有三个方面:一是荒政制度本身的不健全,二是官僚制度上的缺陷,三是社会风气的锐变。面对着荒政中腐败的展禁不止,明朝统治者采取了许多行之有效的措施进行治理:加强对办娠官吏的选任和考核,加大对办服官员的监察力度,加强对荒政的立法及对腐败官吏的惩治力度。应该说这些措施在一定程度上取得了一定的效果,从而使得这些腐败并没有对当时社会经济及人民的生活产生重大的影响.明代社会
3、仍然在“破坏一重建一再破坏一再重建”的历史轨迹上进一步地发展。关键词:明前期荒政腐败ABSTRACTContent:Thepaperhasmadeacomprehensiveanalysisoncorruptionprob-moffaminereliefpoliciesduringMingdynasty.Itpointsoutthat(thisproblemexistsinallaspects血thereport'offamine,thecheckoffamine,theexemptionfromtaxatio
4、n,theaidtothevictimsofnaturalcalamityandthesettlementofrefugees,thestorageandwaterconservancy,andthereweremanycorruptpeoplesuchassupervisors,countymagistrates,pettyofficials,interiors,richpeople,studentsoftheImperialColege,andthewaysofcorruptionincludingposi
5、tivecorruptionandnegativecorruption.Therewerethreecharacters:theoutstandingfeaturesofnegativecorruption,corruptionexists加allclasses,therecessiveinthewayofcorruption.Furthermore,thecorruptionexerted:seriousinfluenceontheeffectof几动inereliefpolicies,theatmosphe
6、reofbureaucraticapparatus,andaggravatedtheconflictofthewholesociety.Therearethreereasonsforthecorruptionproblemoffaminereliefpolicies:First,theimperfectoffaminereliefpoliciesitself;Second,thedefectofbureaucrat'ssystem;Third,therapidchangeofsocialconduct.Faci
7、ngtothecorruptionproblemwhichremainedincessantafterrepeatedprohibition,theGovernmentoftheearlyMingdynastytook,lotofefectualmeasurestodealwiththecorruptions:builtamorestandardizesystemofselectionandexaminationtotheGovernmentoficials;addedtotheextendofinspecti
8、ontotheofficerswhodealtwithfaminerelief,madelawsonthefaminereliefandpunishedseverelythecorruptedgovernmentofficial.Thatistosay,allthemeasuresreachedcertainextentinsomeway,andmadethecorruptionnot