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1、摘要克菌丹是日本东棉公司研制的有机硫类杀菌剂,近年来我国引进用于防治苹果轮纹病,但克菌丹在苹果及土壤中的残留动态及最终残留限量国内尚未有系统的研究报告。本文研究了克菌丹在苹果及土壤中的残留分析方法,摸清了克菌丹在苹果及土壤中的降解规律。检测样本用丙酮+二氯甲烷提取后,再萃取到石油醚中,经硅胶柱净化后采用气相色谱法测定。方法最低检出浓度为0.006mg/Kg,添加回收率分别为:全果95.3-105.9%、果皮99.0-104.5%、果肉98.2-104.3%、土壤101.0-103.8%。应用这一方法,200
2、0,2001年在陕西铜川和陕西兴平对克菌丹在苹果及土壤中残留动态及最终残留进行了研究。结果表明:克菌丹在苹果全果、果皮、果肉中的消解速度差别不大,半衰期2000年分别为8.1天、5.8天和6.7天,2001年分别为5.9天、6.1天和4.3天,而克菌丹在土壤中的消解速度较快,半衰期2000年为1.5天,2001年为1.9天。最终残留测定结果表明:80%克菌丹可湿性粉剂,稀释300-600倍,从6月起对苹果树施药4-8次,至苹果收获前12-34天时全果、果皮、果肉及土壤中的最终残留,2000年分别为3.10-
3、18.76mg/Kg,3.29-41.42mg/Kg,0.037-0.260mg/Kg,0.0-0,.Omg/Kg,2001年分别为1,92-20.61mg/Kg,4.43-43.08m以Kg,0.033-0.347mg/Kg,0.0-0.0m以Kg.同时,采用GC-MS确证克菌丹在土壤中的代谢产物为四氢邻苯二甲酞亚胺。本研究为农业部重点课题研究项目,实验结果已被农业部和国家质量技术监督检疫总局所采用,并作为制定克菌丹科学合理使用准则和最终残留限量国家标准的依据。关键词:克菌丹苹果土壤消解动态残留量Abst
4、ractTheanalyticalmethodforCaptanresidueinappleandsoilhasbeenestablished.Theresiduewasextractedwithacetone/dichlomethanemixture.Afterliquid-liquidseparationwithpetroleumether,silicagelcolumnwasusedforcleanup.Gaschromatographywasemployedfordetection.Thelimit
5、ofdeterminationwas0.006mg/kg.Therecoveryrangedfrom95.3%to105.9%inwholefruit,from99.0%to104.5%inapplepeal,from98.2%to104.3%inappleflesh,from101.0%to103.8%insoil.ThefieldexperimentsforCaptanresidueresearchwascarriedoutinTongchuanandXingpingcountryofShanxiPro
6、vince.TheresultsindicatedthedegradationofCaptaninapple,applepeal,applefleshandsoil.In2000,thehalflifeofCaptanwas8.1daysinwholefruitofapple,5.8daysinapplepealand6.7daysinapplefleshin2000.andthehalflifewas5.9daysinwholefruitofapple,6.1daysinapplepealand4.3da
7、ysinapplefleshin2001.ThehalflifeofCaptaninsoilwas1.5daysin2000and1.9daysin2001.Theresultsalsoindicatedthat,theresidueofCaptanwas3.10to18.76mgt/kginwholefruit,3.29to41.42mg/kginapplepeal,0.037to0.260mg/kginapplefleshin2000,and1.92to20.61mg/kginwholefruit,4.
8、43to43.08mg/kginapplepeal,0.033to0.347mg/kginapplefleshin2001,after4-8timesapplication,spraying300to600timesdiluentof80%CaptanWP,samplingfrom12to34daysbeforeharvest,andtheresidueofCaptaninsoilwasnotdetectable