cancer therapy

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1、CancerTherapy•Surgery-¢Localizedtumors•Radiation-¢Metastastictumors¢Affectsproliferatingcells(bonemarrow,etc.)¢Radiation-resistanttumorsdevelop•Chemotherapy-¢Metastastictumors¢Affectsproliferatingcells(bonemarrow,etc.)¢Drug-resistanttumorsdevelop•Immunotherapy-¢Metastastictumors¢Specificity¢D

2、onotdevelopresistance¢NotoxicityTumorImmunotherapyWhatisImmunotherapy?•Immunotherapy(alsoknownasbiologictherapyorbiotherapy)istreatmentthatusescertainpartsoftheimmunesystemtofightdisease,including:•Immunodeficiency;Immuneenchantment•Cancer;Therapy•Infection;•Autoimmunity;•Hypersensitivity;Imm

3、uosuppression•Graftrejection;Therapy•Inflammatory;TumorImmunotherapy•Passiveimmunotherapy•MonoclonalAntibody(mAb)•Activeimmunotherapy•Non-specific(InnateImmunity)•Bacterialmaterial•Cytokine•Specific•Vaccine•ImprovementofVaccineEfficay•AdjuvantPassiveimmunotherapy•Passiveimmunotherapyusesaspec

4、ialtypeofantibodywhichisdevelopedoutsideofapatient'sbody.•Thisantibodyprovidesprotectionagainstdiseaseandhelpstofightoffaninfection,orincancertreatmenttoattacktumorcells.•Theyaredesignedtoattackforeignsubstancesdirectly.•Theydonotstimulateaperson'simmunesystemtoplayanactiveroleinfightingthein

5、fection.ClinicalfocusClinicalfocus--PassivetherapyPassivetherapy•In1890,EmilBehringandShibasaburoKitasatoreportedanextraordinaryexperiment.TheyimmunizedrabbitswithTetanus/Diphtheria(破傷風/白喉)andcollectedserumfromtheseimmuneanimals.•Theyinjected0.2mloftheimmuneserumintotheabdominalcavityofsixmic

6、e.After24hours,theyinfectedthetreatedanimalsanduntreatedcontrolmicediedwithin48hrofinfection,thetreatedmicenotonlysurvivedbutshowednoeffectsofinfection.PassivetherapyPassivetherapy•First,itshowedthatfollowingimmunization,substancesappearedinserumthatcouldprotectananimalagainstpathogens•Second

7、,thisworkdemonstratedthatimmunitycouldbepassivelyacquiredvonBehring•Afewyearslater,in1901,vonBehringwasawardedthePassiveImmunotherapyAntibodytransfer•Serum(1901)•TotalImmunoglobulin(Totalantibodypurifiedfromserum)(~1940)•Polyclonalantibody(an