船舶专业英语17

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1、17ShiptypesAnearlierchapterdescribedthedesignprocessandanumberofgen-eralshipattributesadesignerneedstoconsider.Thischapternowcon-siders'theendresult',thatis,thecharacteristicsofdifferentshiptypesdesignedtomeetthespecificneedsofanowner.Itisnotpossibletouseasingleshiptofullydefineashipty

2、pe,because:Thenumberofvariantsonthebasicthemeshasincreasedgreatlyinrecentyears.Thelargestshipsofatypenolongergivesagoodguidetothelatesttechnologyandtrends.Thebalanceofeconomicconsider-ationscannowleadtothedesireformediumorsmallships.Forinstance,mediumsizedcruiseshipscanvisitmoreportsan

3、dislands.Thereismuchgreatervariety,withinashiptype,intermsofpropulsionplant,manoeuvringdevicesandsoon.Changingnationalandinternationalrulesandregulations,particularlythoseassociatedwithsafety,aredictatingchangesindesign.Thedoublehulltankerisanexample.Thischapterdiscussesbroadaspectsoft

4、hedesignandlayoutofdif-ferentshiptypesleavingthereadertogotoothersourcesfordetailsofindividualships.Suchsourcesare:Theregistersoftheclassificationsocieties.Symposiaonshiptypesorganizedbythelearnedsocieties,suchastheRoyalInstitutionofNavalArchitects(RINA).Booksonindividualshiptypesorind

5、ividualships.PublicationssuchasSignificantShipsandSignificantSmallShipspublishedbytheRINAannually.EconomicsandtechnologyInthemid-20thCenturyitwasgenerallytruethatifadevelopingtech-nologymadeathingpossibleitwasadvantageoustodoit.Thisisnolongertrue.Manythingscannowbeachievedtechnicallybu

6、tarenot335336SHIPTYPESadoptedforeconomicreasons.Thusthetransatlanticlinersinthe1930sviedfortheBlueRiband.Thecompanieswouldusethelatestmachineryandpropellerstogainahalfknot.Thesedaysthecruiselinersdonotattempttoachievethespeedsofthoseliners.Mostofthemhavespeedsof22or23knotsandtheonlypas

7、sengershiptoapproachithasbeenthe345mlongQueenMary2withacontractspeedofover29knots.ThephasingoutofConcordeisanexamplefromtheworldofairtravelofeconomicsoverridingwhattechnologyhastooffer.MERCHANTSHIPSThedevelopmentofmerchantshiptypeshasbeendictatedlargelybythenatureofthecargoandthetrad