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1、Theinternal16environmentBesidestheexternalenvironment,inwhichashipmayoperate,thenavalarchitectisconcernedwiththeenvironmentinsidethevessel.Shipsmustbedesignedsoastoprovideasuitableenvironmentforthecontinuous,efficientandsafeworkingofequipmentandcrew.Theenvironmentshouldalsobeoneinwhichcrewandpas
2、sengerswillbecomfortable.Vibration,noiseandshockareallfactorsinthatenviron-ment.Thevibrationlevels,forinstance,mustbekeptlowforcomfortandefficientfunctioningofmachinery.Noiselevelsmustalsobekeptbelowcertainlevelstoavoidphysicalharmandfacilitatecommunica-tions.Theverticalaccelerationsassociatedwi
3、thshipmotionsmustbereducedasmuchaspossibleatthecriticalfrequencies,toreducethelikelihoodofmotionsickness.Thisisnotsimplyamatterofcomfort,althoughthatisimportant,particularlyinpassengervessels;theper-formanceofthecrewwillbedegradedbytheconditionsinwhichtheyhavetowork.Muchattentionispaidthesedayst
4、owhatisknownashumanfactorsofwhichthisisoneelement.Thischapterconsidersaship'sinternalenvironmentandwhatcanbedonetomakeitacceptable.IMPORTANTFACTORSShipmotionsandseasicknessTobeseasickisveryunpleasantasarethefeelingsofnauseathatprecedeit.Besidescausingdiscomforttoeveryoneonboard,motionsdegradethe
5、performanceofthecrew,bothmentallyandphysically.Forinstance,movingaweightaroundaship,particularlyifitspos-itioningiscritical,ismademoredifficultthegreaterthemotionamplitudes.Researchindicatesthatthemostimportantfactor,asfarashumanbeingsareconcerned,istheverticalaccelerationtheyexperience.Themostc
6、riticalfrequenciesarethoseintherange0.15-0.20Hz.Anum-berofmeasuresareavailabletoadesignertoreducemotionsandthesearediscussedinChapter12onSeakeeping.328THEINTERNALENWIRONMENT329TemperatureandhumidityHeatandodoursareimportantfactorsindeterminingaperson'sreac-tionstomotionsaswellasgeneralcomfort.Th
7、usthereisaneedtocontroltheairqualityintermsoftemperature,humidity,purityandsmells.Typicallyabout0.3m3offreshairisintroducedforeachpersonperminute.Apersongeneratesabout45wattsofsensibleheatand150wattslatentheat,dependingupont
