船舶专业英语08

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1、Launching,docking8andgroundingThelaunchingofashipanditsvariousdockingsthroughoutitslifearetimesofpotentialhazardduringthetransitionbetweenthedryandwaterborneconditions.Mostexperiencednavalarchitectshavebeeninvolvedinsomemishapduringtheseoperations.Fortunately,inmostcases,themishapwillhavebeensma

2、llanddidnotdevelopintoamajorincident.However,theywouldhaverealizedhoweasilythingscouldhavebecomeworseandtheimportanceofstudyingeveryaspectoftheoperationinsufficientdepth.Familiaritymustnotbeallowedtobreedcontempt.The'natural'conditionforashipisfloatingfreelyinwater.Thewatersurfacemayberoughandth

3、iswillcauseunpleasantmotionsandmayapplyhighloadstothestructure.However,thesearetheconditionswhichthedesignerwillhaveconstantlyinmindastheshipisdesignedandtheyprovidethenormforthemariner.Onoccasiontheshipwillbesubjecttoadifferentenvironment.Atsomestagesitwillbetrans-ferredfromdrylandwhereitisbein

4、gbuilttothewater;thatis,itwillbelaunched.Periodicallyduringitslifeitwillbetakenoutofthewaterforrepairandmaintenance,andpossiblyformodification.Thatis,itwillbedocked.Dockingisnowlessfrequentthaninthepastbecausehullcoatings,toreducecorrosionandfouling,remaineffectiveforlonger.Alsomorecanbeachieved

5、inthewayofrepairswithavesselstillafloatusingdiversorcofferdamstocreateadryworkingenviron-ment.Sometimesashipwillrunagroundeitherduetohumanerrorsinnavigationorduetothefailureofthecontrollingsystems.Thedesignermustlegislateforalltheseeventualities.Launchinganddockingarepredictableconditionsalthoug

6、htheexactstateoftheshipduringtheseoperationsmaynotbeentirelyclearatthedesignstage.Groundingpresentsamorevariablesetofcircumstances.Thepointofgrounding,thenatureoftheseabed,weatherandtidecondi-tionswillallinfluencewhathappenstotheshipinthewayofstructuraldamageandflooding.Theapproachthedesignertak

7、esmustthenbebaseduponastatisticalanalysisofpastoccurrencesdevelopinganumberofsituationstobedealtwithortryingtoascertainaworstcasescenario.128LAUNCHING,DOCKINGANDGROUNDING129Aswithotherdesigninvestigations,fortheselesscommons