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1、1IntroductionSHIPSShipsarestillvitaltotheeconomyofmanycountriesandtheystillcarrysome95percentofworldtrade.In1998theworld'scargofleettotalledsome775milliontonnesdeadweightandwasincreasingby2percentayear(Parker,1998).Theaveragedeadweightwasabout17000.Althoughaircrafthave
2、displacedthetransatlanticliner,shipsstillcarrylargenum-bersofpeopleonpleasurecruisesandonthemultiplicityofferriesinallareasoftheglobe.Ships,andothermarinestructures,areneededtoexploittherichesofthedeep.Althoughoneoftheoldestformsoftransport,ships,theirequipmentandtheir
3、function,aresubjecttoconstantevolution.Changesaredrivenbychangingpatternsofworldtrade,bysocialpressures,bytechno-logicalimprovementsinmaterials,constructiontechniquesandcontrolsystems,andbypressureofeconomics.Asanexample,technologynowprovidestheabilitytobuildmuchlarger
4、,faster,shipsandtheseareadoptedtogaintheeconomicadvantagestheycanconfer.Afeatureofmanynewdesignsisthevariationinformofshipsintendedforrelativelyconventionaltasks.Thisisforreasonsofefficiencyandhasbeenmadepossiblebytheadvancedanalysismethodsavailable,whichenableunorthod
5、oxshapestobeadoptedwithconfidenceintheirperformance.Thenavalarchitectislesstiedtofollowingatypeship.Inthesamewaymeansofpropulsionandsteeringaretailoredtosuitthehullformandconditionsofservice,andtheywillbecloselyintegratedonewiththeother.NAVALARCHITECTUREANDTHENAVALARCH
6、ITECTBeforegoingfurthel,andtosetthesceneforthisbook,itisnecessarytoask:Whatisnavalarchitecture?Whatisrequiredofanavalarchitect?12INTRODUCTIONThefullanswertoeachquestioniscomplexbut,inessence,onecansay:Navalarchitectureisthescienceofmakingaship'fitforpurpose'.Anavalarch
7、itectisanengineercompetentinnavalarchitecture.Itremainstoseewhatismeantby'ship'and'fitforpurpose'.TheshipThistermmustbeinterpretedbroadlyandcanrefertoanystructurefloatinginwater.Itisusuallyself-propelledbutsome,forinstance,dumbbargesandsomeoffshorestructuresrelyontugst
8、omovethem.Othersrelyonthewind.Marinestructures,suchasharbourinstalla-tions,aretheprovinceofthecivilengineer.Thepurpos
