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1、第一章 古英语时期和中世纪时期的英国文学考点1.TheOldEnglishpoetrycanbedividedintotwogroups:thereligiousgroupandthesecularone.TheBibleconsistsoftheOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.Beowulf《贝尔武夫》,atypicalexampleofOldEnglishpoetry,isregardedasthegreatestnationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.Theepicdescribestheexp
2、loitsofaScandinavianhero,Beowulf,infightingagainstthemonsterGrendel,hisrevengefulmother,andafire-breathingdragoninhisdecliningyears.Whilefightingagainstthedragon,Beowulfwasmortallywounded.However,hekilledthedragonatthecostofhislife.Beowulfisshownnotonlyasagloriousherobutalsoasa
3、protectorofthepeople.2.RomanceisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalEngland.Itsingsknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeeds.Chivalry(suchasbravery,honor,generosity,andkindnesstotheweakandpoor)isthespiritofromance.3.JohnGoweristheauthorofSirGawainandtheGreenKnight,thebestromanceofthepe
4、riod.WilliamLanglandisamorerealisticwriterwhodealtwiththereligiousandsocialissuesofhisdayinPiersPlowman《农夫皮尔斯》.4.GeoffryChauceristhegreatestwriterofMiddleAges.HismasterpieceTheCanterburyTales《坎特伯蕾故事集》presents,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,acomprehensiverealisticpictureofth
5、emedievalEnglishsocietyandcreatesawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.In“TheCanterburyTales”,Chaucerdevelopedhisartofpoetrystillfurthertowardsdramaandtheartofthenovel.InTroilusandCriseyd,hegavetheworldwhatisvirtuallythefirstmodernnovel.ChaucerwroteinMiddleEnglishand
6、didmuchinmakingLondondialectthefoundationformodernEnglishlanguage.Thoughessentiallystillamedievalwriter,Chaucerboremarksofhumanismandanticipatedaneweratocome.Asaforerunnerofhumanism,hepraisesman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife.Histalesexposedandsatirizedtheevilsofhistim
7、e.Thesetalesattackedthedegenerationofthenoble,theheartlessnessofthejudge,thecorruptionofthechurch,etc.Inhisworks,hedevelopedhischaracterizationtoahigherlevelbypresentingcharacterswithbothtypicalqualitiesandindividualdispositions.“TheWifeofBath”isafamoustaleinwhichtheheroineisde
8、pictedasthenewbourgeois.Takingthestandoftherisingbourg
