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1、No.72015林业经济FORESTRYECONOMICS·生态保护与修复·林业在全球减灾防灾应对体系中的态势分析赵金成曾以禹张多贺祥瑞（国家林业局经济发展研究中心北京100714）摘要：当前，全球自然灾害损失不断增多，各种危害与自然、社会、经济和环境脆弱性相互作用，形成灾害风险。国际社会认识到，减少灾害风险的努力必须系统地纳入生态系统管理和可持续发展战略，许多国家通过增强林业活动增强自然生态系统抵御灾害的适应力和恢复力，保护生计恢复生态、重建绿色家园、重振国家经济，在灾害中吸取经验教训丰富林业优良做法，促进转型和转变发展方式，从而实现人与自然的和谐
2、统一，实现经济、社会、生态三大支柱的可持续发展。总思路是采取立足生态系统减少灾害风险的措施，将增强生计承受力与自然资源管理结合起来，特别在沿海地区和山区，以整体方针建立抗灾能力强的社区。国际实践给予我们的启示是：加强保护和恢复自然生态系统，完善应对自然灾害的林业措施，走增强林业措施基于生态系统减少自然灾害风险的道路。关键词：自然生态系统；自然灾害；林业；案例；启示中图分类号：F326.23文献标识码：A文章编号：1673-338X（2015）07-0008-06DOI:10.13843/j.cnki.lyjj.2015.07.002Situation
3、alAnalysisofForestryDealingwithGlobalDisasterReductionandPreventionZhaoJinchengZengYiyuZhangDuoHeXiangrui（ChinaNationalForestryEconomicsandDevelopmentResearchCenter,Beijing100714）Abstract:Atpresent,thelossescausedbyglobalnaturaldisastersareincreasing,allkindsofdisastersinteract
4、withnatural,social,economicandenvironmentalvulnerability,formingdisasterrisk.Theinternationalcommunityrecog⁃nizedthateffortsofreducingdisasterrisksmustbeincorporatedintotheecosystemmanagementandsustainablede⁃velopmentstrategysystematically.Manycountriesimprovedtheflexibilityand
5、resilienceofnaturalecosystembyen⁃hancingforestryactivities,protectedlivelihood,restoredecosystems,rebuiltgreenhomestead,revivedcountr’seco⁃nomic,learnedlessonsfromdisasters,improvedforestrymeasures,promotedthetransformationofdevelopmentmode,realizedtheharmonyofhumanandnature,as
6、wellasthesustainabledevelopmentofeconomy,societyandecology.Thegeneralthoughtsarebasedonecologicalsystemtoreducedisasterrisks,combiningtheenhancementoflivelihoodtolerancewithnaturalresourcemanagement,especiallyinthecoastalareasandmountainous,adoptingaholisticguidelinetoestablish
7、communitieswhichcanresistnaturaldisasterseasily.Internationalpracticesgiveusanenlightenmentthatwemuststrengthentheprotectionandrestorationofnaturalecosystem,improveforestrymeasuresrespondingtonaturaldisasters,chooseawaythatenhanceforestrymeasurestoreducenaturaldisasterrisksbase
8、dontheecologicalsystem.KeyWords:naturalecosystem;natur
