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1、“海洋科学导论”教学指南GuidelinesfortheCourse“IntroductoryOceanography”lLecture1:Introduction1.thenatureofoceanography,thestudyoftheoceanandseas,comparisonwithgeography,branchesofthescience,physicaloceanography,marinechemistry,marinebiology,marinegeology,scientificpr
2、oblems;2.history,oceanexploration,Phoenicians’navigationintheMediterraneanSea,Greekactivities,theVikings,ChineseexpeditionsledbyZhengHe,SpanishandPortuguesenavigations,earlyscientificactivities,JamesCook,HMSBeagleexpedition,theoreticalvsobservationalstudie
3、s,theoriesabouttidesbyNewtonandLaplace,observationoftidesbyancientChinese,modernoceanography,HMSChallengerexpedition,organizationofcruises,internationalcollaboration,ancientChineseresearchabouttides,worldoceanographicinstitutions;3.progressinmeasurementand
4、observationtechniques,DeepSeaDrillingProgram,submersibles,satellitetechnologyandremotesensing,comparisonbetweenthepastandpresentinvestigations;4.howtoproceed,purposeofthecourse,thematicapproach,structureofthecourse,methodologyforthestudy,readingmaterial,ex
5、ercises,essaywritingandexamination,methodofevaluation.lLecture2:ProcessesofAir-seaInteraction1.energysource,generalcharacteristicsofthesolarenergyinput,powerofsolarradiation,kineticenergy(winds),oceancirculation,photosynthesis(biomass),formationoffossilfue
6、ls,thermalenergy;2.energyandmaterialexchangesattheair-seainterface,heatbudgetequation,solarradiationflux,albedo,planetaryradiationflux,latentheatofevaporation,turbulentheatflux,budgetingfordifferentlatitudezonesoftheoceans,mechanismsofkineticenergytransfer
7、throughboundarylayers,waterbalance,saltbalance,salinity,theuseofsalinityastracer,aerosolflux,carbondioxideflux,partialpressure,NormalAtmosphericEquilibriumConcentration,biologicalpumping;3.influencesontheoceanandatmosphere,oceancirculations,Kuroshio,atmosp
8、hericcirculations,monsoon,tradewindsandcoldoutbreaks,cyclonicdevelopment,influencesontheclimate;4.theformationofENSOevents,classicElNino,watertemperature,near-surfacepressure,upwellinganddown-welling,anchovyf
